Organzational Behavior

Clarification is the first step towards understanding dynamics of conflict within the work place. Exploring the various types of conflict should be used as a precursor to approach the differences between constructive and destructive conflict. Understanding how organizations can enhance employee strengths under varying conditions is reinforced through good communication skills in the conflict management process. Communication emphasizes the need for self-understanding and self-management for the conflict resolution process to work.The techniques of Indirect Conflict Management and Direct Conflict Management help in dealing with specific problems such as hostile individuals, personality conflicts, etc. are best used as a guide and should not be taken literal as each individual presents varying issues. Destructive conflict works as a disadvantage to employees, groups and organizations. Destructive conflict affects group efforts needed for team building, and creates hostility resulting i n a hostile environment. Constructive conflict is a beneficial factor for some organizations in which groups address issues and make decisions to provide an opportunities for improvement.Conflict-management appropriately models professional standards so that every employee may effectively progress in a professional manner appropriate for the workplace. Indirect conflict management approaches share the common quality of avoiding direct dealings with personalities. They include reduced interdependence, appeals to common goals, hierarchical referral, and alterations in the use of mythology and scripts (Schermerhorn, Hunt, & Osborn, 2008, p. 349). Reduced Interdependence creates a systematic approach by eliminating conflict by separating groups in which require interaction.By spreading or reducing contact with one another resolution is believed to be resolved. As an alternative to reduced interdependence another indirect approach is assigning a liaison to facilitate activities among gro ups to smooth the process creating conflict. Conflict is given a common perspective by directing the attention towards a focus of appealing to common goals as opposed to conflict. Hierarchy referral is used to provide employees with alternatives to conflict when the appropriate steps or conflict resolution is unattainable.Providing a smoke screen, Altering scripts and Myths is utilized when resolution has been unattainable. Approaching common goals indirect conflict management uses a system of individuals in ranking positions above one another. This strategy uses a chain of command for resolutions lacking the interpersonal relationship needed for team building. However, the organizational dynamics of indirect conflict can be useful when there is no direct conflict, and the plans recommended by a primary leader require guidance.Direct conflict management utilizes five methods of managing conflict smoothing or accommodation, collaboration and problem solving, compromise, avoidance, an d competition and authoritative command. â€Å"The five approaches to conflict management are described from the perspective of their relative emphasis on cooperativeness and assertiveness in the relationship† (Schermerhorn, Hunt, & Osborn, 2008, p. 349). Maintaining working relationships, direct conflict identifies the underlying issues first proceeded by utilizing systematic actions agreeable for all parties.Smoothing requires a mediator in which allows all parties to address the issues experienced and identify the dynamics of the conflict. Accommodating gives the power to ease conflict by obliging and exploring possibilities of resolution. Smoothing and accommodating prepares and facilitates the methods of Collaboration and Problem Solving seeks true satisfaction of everyone's concerns by working through differences, finding and solving problems so that everyone gains results. (Schermerhorn, Hunt, ; Osborn, 2008).Compromise is an essential effort in which requires an agree ment of resolution without it the likelihood of conflict is possible. In a win-lose conflict some employees may still not be satisfied with the mediation in which one party submits to the compromise to avoid further conflict. â€Å"Avoidance may be used when an issue is trivial, when more important issues are pressing, or when people need to cool down temporarily and regain perspective† (Schermerhorn, Hunt, ; Osborn, 2008, p. 351).All contributing information should be considered in mediation whereas some issues are personality conflicts in which do not apply to issues work related. Placing the conflicting ideas into perspective is advisable at best so long as it does not pose further immediate conflict. â€Å"Competition and Authoritative Command is working against the wishes of the other party, fighting to dominate in win-lose competition, and/or forcing things to a favorable conclusion through the exercise of authority† (Schermerhorn, Hunt, ; Osborn, 2008, p. 49). A uthoritative command is best utilized when immediate action is needed to firmly establish direction in conflict resolution. Understanding the mutual purpose of an organization is beneficial for teambuilding and management. Direct strategies incorporate team building to identify organizations success in business and working relationships. Firmly established leadership abilities are essential to mediate direct conflict.

Life as We Knew It Essay

Have you ever imagined the world is coming to the end tomorrow? What if the largest asteroid ever hits the moon, knocking it out of orbit, creating worldwide disasters? Tidal waves destroy numerous coastal cities, killing millions of people, and the dead list gets longer and longer every day. Gas climbs up to $5 per gallon, then $7, and pretty soon, it costs $35 for three gallons, and you can only buy three gallons at a time. That’s what happened to Miranda’s life, the main character in the fictional book, â€Å"Life as we knew it†. The story is expressed through journal entries, revealing her thought about her fight for survival and how her family gets over the misfortune together. To Miranda, the unexpected asteroid can only mean an excuse for teachers giving out more homework. More homework on top of her best friends fighting, her dad’s newly pregnant wife, and the fight with her mother whether or not she can return to ice skating after a serious injury. With all those problems going through her mind, Miranda goes outside with her family to watch the asteroid hit the moon. Thunderstorms knock out the electricity in Miranda’s school. None of it seems real for Miranda, even when her mother sends her and her brother to a grocery store to buy all the canned soup, vegetable, aspirin, vitamins, as much as they possibly can. The store almost runs out of food by the time they get there. Everything goes crazy, they can purchase a fulfill cart, no matter how much they get, for only $50. Throughout the incredibly freezing winter caused by continuous volcanic eruptions all over America, Miranda tries to live life as normally as possible. She goes to the pond for ice skating as long as she can breathe. She visits her friends, even though they are not the same people as they were before the disaster. Some her neighbors and her friends, including her dad’s new family, are heading South with a glimpse of hope for better living conditions, while her family resists staying at their homeland, hoping everything will get better tomorrow. The question is, how long can Miranda and her family survive with minimal water, a nearly used-up food supply, no heat or electricity, and below-zero temperatures? When so many people are giving up hope, starving to death, dying of diseases with no cure, Miranda is still clinging to the hope of normality. She still wants to date with Dan, her swimming teammate, and she fights with her mother about the unequal diet between her and the two brothers. During the most difficult time of the disaster, Miranda’s best qualities come to light. Her determination helps her family survive through the deadly flu, which has killed hundreds of people. Being the only in the family who resists the attack of the deadly flu, Miranda is taking good care of her mother and two brothers without help from anyone else. Even though she always fights with her mother, she never gives up on loving her. Miranda might not know how long this will last, or whether they will survive through this miserable time, but she does know that by working together they stand a chance. This is an interesting and meaningful story about the severe fight for survival and hope. It really makes you think about what would happen to you in this situation. Because it’s written in Miranda’s diary, it’s easy to follow along and the words are quite easy to understand.

Strategic management (structural industry analysis) Essay

Strategic management (structural industry analysis) - Essay Example 1). Using a model such as Porter's Five Forces goes well beyond simply searching for trends within an industry in that it can help one to develop marketing strategies that are quite effective. "In the Five Forces Model, Porter explains that in any industry there are five forces that influence what happens within the industry: 1. Existing companies, 2. potential new companies, 3. substitutes for products offered, 4. the suppliers, and 5. the customers" (Website Marketing Plan, 2007, p. 1). The overall business environment is constructed from the combination of these five forces. Improvement's to a company's marketing strategies can be made when management studies these five forces and how they relate to each other within their particular industry or even a specific niche within their industry (Website Marketing Plan 2007). One example of a company who may utilize this model includes EBay, which lies within the online auction industry. Their competitive force would include competitors such as UBid and WeBidz, as they offer the same services as EBay. There are a wide variety of potential new entrants, but they hold a great deal of market share due to their vast popularity, so it would take quite a sharp company to overtake EBay in this particular market. EBay's customers would include those who visit the website, whether they partake in auctioning and, therefore, pay fees or merely contribute to the income of EBay through visiting its sponsors' advertisement banners. The supplier's in this market are unique in that they are actually other consumers, as it is a consumer-to-consumer environment. Substitutes for EBay could include things such as variety and thrift stores, yard sales, discount stores, and classified ads. Another popular company that can analyze its marketing strategies using Porter's Five Forces Model would be Wal-Mart, whose main competitors include companies such as Target and Kmart. Their competitors can exist either on ground or online, such as Target.com. Potential new entrants to the market include up-and-coming discount stores of other varieties that carry a wide range of products at low prices. Customers include those who visit Wal-Mart's physical stores, as well as those who visit their website. Wal-Mart has a wide array of suppliers. Whereas they used to proudly sell products that were made in America, marketplace pressures pushed them to find cheaper suppliers, such as companies located in China. Due to recent conflict with imports from China, this could be a large problem for them in the future if they do not adjust that particular strategy to suit the desires of their customers. People can visit a variety of other stores to obtain the same types of products that they cou ld obtain from Wal-Mart, such as mom and pop stores, but the downside would be that they may have to visit several of these types of stores to get what they could get in one trip to Wal-Mart. Competitiveness, Generic Strategy, Effectiveness, and Profit Consumers have many choices today when they go to

Therapeutic Horseback Riding and Autism Term Paper

Therapeutic Horseback Riding and Autism - Term Paper Example This paper examines the effects of therapeutic horseback riding as a mode of treating autistic spectrum disorders with a focus on its effect on the physical and behavioral aspect of the child under the treatment program. This study examined the symptoms and behavior associated with autistic spectrum behavior that may change when children suffering from it are placed under the therapeutic horseback riding as an alternative intervention in treating children with autism disorder. In getting the desired results, the research hypothesized whether therapeutic horseback riding is an effective method of treating behavior and symptoms associated with autistic spectrum disorders and the reaction of the children with such disorders. The question as to whether children suffering from autistic spectrum disorder who undergo therapeutic horseback riding report a change in their behavior and physical well-being as compared to the time when they had not undergone the therapy. Therapeutic Horseback Ri ding in Managing Autistic Spectrum Disorder According to a study conducted by Kern et al (2011) amongst forty one children suffering from autism spectrum disorders (ASD), children who participated in the therapeutic horseback riding as a means of treating autism had a reduced Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) as compared to those who did not participate in the program. The study compared participants who either dropped before enrolling in the program while others completed the time under which they were on a waiting list period of three months. Others simply did not enroll in the therapeutic horse-riding program due to reasons or circumstances beyond their... This term paper describes the symptoms of autism, that are unique to individuals and therefore should not be taken as general amongst those suffering from it. However, there are common deficits in the disorder such as delays in the social interaction of individuals, deficits in communication, absence of imagination and repetitive behavior that may go unrecognized by those suffering from the disorder. This term paper states that there is no single mode of treating persons with Autistic Spectrum Disorders nowadays, but there are several ways that have been proposed to suppress the symptoms and capitalize on the experiences and the results, such as therapeutic horseback riding. While there is a disagreement of a known method of treatment for this disorder, animal-assisted programs like therapeutic horseback riding has been proved and adopted as an effective method of treating or curing the autism disorder especially in children as it has demonstrated remarkable improvement in the behavi oral problems and social activity. In conclusion of this term paper, the researcher recommends horseback riding as a therapy for managing autism as it has the overall effect of improving the concentration of the participant, his patience and tolerance and instills confidence in dealing with uncertainties and fears. This term paper also concludes some positive effects of improving communication skills by teaching the rider with ASD how to give instructions and express how he feels.

Psychology - Career Guidance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology - Career Guidance - Essay Example There are a number of models and techniques being used to provide planning services to clients for career counseling and development. Most common ways of provision of career planning counseling is done through self-assessment, reality testing and decision-making techniques (Watts 1996). These are the most commonly used techniques which were used traditionally. However, modern models have been initiated in order to provide a wholesome manner of providing career counseling and development to clients. Moreover, self-directed manner for career counseling is another model which has been used by a number of counselors over the time which has had limited results previously. It is due to this reason that other types of models were coined (Watts 1996). Most recently, interviews were used as a cost-effective manner of providing effective career planning advises to clients. These interview based techniques and traditional techniques influence Gerarad Egan to create a model that could make use of all the techniques to make sure that development is noticed and undertaken in real manners unlike any other therapies being conducted for psychological practices. Working model of Egan covers development aspect as crucial to objective achievement (Watts 1996). Among different models that are applied for career planning and development of clients, Egan Model is considered as one of the most effective model for counseling purpose. It is because of three staged model mechanism that allows easy evaluation of clients’ choice, transition and different clients need (Watts 1996). The stage I of the Egan model allows effective relationship building process between the counselor and client. This will allow the client to focus on the options from which he or she can actually find out the best possible choices for themselves. In other words, it could be said that the stage I in Egan’s model, clients can actually set up priority chart and

The Tutankhamens Curse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Tutankhamens Curse - Essay Example Numerous scholars became interested in this case and started searching for rational explanation of the phenomenon. And here, too, various theories have emerged. One of the most likely theories suggested by many scientists as a result of scrutinous researches is that the key role in deaths was played by the environment of the burial chamber that actually affected health of those who entered the newly unlocked tomb. This theory originates in the first half of the 20th century when it was also supported by Sir Arthur Conan Dole who considered the fungi to have been put into the tomb deliberately to punish robbers. In 1986, Dr. Caroline Stenger-Phillip suggested that it was an ancient mould existing in the tomb. Modern researches prove that there are indeed specimens of pathogenic moulds and bacteria that can cause allergic reactions varying from congestion to bleeding in lungs. An Egyptologist from Philadelphia, food placed into the tombs intended for afterlife, could have attracted ins ects, moulds and bacteria. On the other hand, this theory has its flaws as if all entering the tomb were exposed to the deadly fungi, they probably would have died much sooner that many months and years later. The theory that appears to be more plausible was offered by Mark Nelson in 2002 and involves statistical methods as a basis for the explanation. According to the theory, average life expectancy of those members of the expedition who were exposed to the curse and those who were not differs little.

The Different Aspects of Employee Engagement Term Paper

The Different Aspects of Employee Engagement - Term Paper Example With the evolvement of the workplace and the workforce, organizations realize that to succeed in the search for talent, they have to first succeed in winning over employees through elements such as trust, justice, and perceptions and through practices that make their roles clear. Amongst the major factors that improve employee engagement are changing management and effective communication systems. Theorists have held that companies that can unlock the secrets of employee engagement can benefit from maximum profits (Vance, 2006). Literature Review Research has suggested that employee engagement and a high level of psychological well being of workers plays a major role in achieving organizational objectives related to successful and profitable organizations. The psychological well being of any company is directly associated with performance levels. Studies conducted by Folger and Cropanzano (1998) have revealed that workers experiencing higher levels of psychological well-being work be tter and that this well being is a superior forecaster of work performance than job satisfaction. According to Robinson et al (2004), employee engagement is defined as â€Å"A positive attitude held by the employee towards the organization and its values. An engaged employee is aware of business context and works with colleagues to improve performance within the job for the benefit of the organization† (Robinson et al, 2004, p.5). The concept of employee engagement was first introduced by Kahn (1990) whereby he held that in being engaged, employees are emotional, cognitively and physically involved while working in the organization. Another aspect of employee engagement is the flow relative to holistic sensations that are experienced by workers while performing their roles with complete involvement. This flow is the mental condition whereby a minimal distinction is made amongst the self and the working environment and while employees are in such flow, they do not need to exer t many conscious controls while working.  

Britney spears Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Britney spears - Essay Example Later, she went back to studio in the same year and released her second single which took a good position in the countdown of U.S most loved pop songs with the name of ‘Sometimes’ and also it was ranked first in other U.K nations. In the following year she was out again to produce her second album ‘oops...I Did It Again’ which showed the entire world and the entire music industry that the princess was in the industry to stay. The album did exemplary well being in first position in billboards and making sales of over a million albums in its first days of release and registering the highest sales ever made for a week by a female artist. To date it has made sales of more than 15 million copies and positioned number two of her top selling albums moreover rendering her tours to go and perform in front of her fans overseas .i.e. away from her country US. After working hard for nothing else but success she was out to release her third album with the first song ‘I Love Rock ‘n’ Roll’ taking the second position in MTV 100 best Latin American’s videos in 2002(IMDb, 2012). These albums made her win many awards starting with artist of the year on the same year that she started her music career. Many more came her way in the course of her career ranging from World’s Music Awards World’s best pop female artist and many more having sold more than 60 million records. In a span of not more than one and a half decade she was announced the best selling female artist in USA. This came as a result of her knowing what was and is the best for her, when it come to selection she is keen on the studio to use and who to work with. This selection has seen her excel in bringing up beats that always work well with the vocals making every production a hit in the market. This has won her greatly because she has become one of the best and moreover one of the famous female artist who has made a great impact in the music industry. As a result of coming from

Strategic Management Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Management - Literature review Example The next fundamental aspect of consideration is the most applicable strategy that would be viable if applied by the business. Identifying a viable strategy needs a comprehensive consideration of all the factors that influence its application. The value chain analysis model offers a comprehensive strategy that is applicable to a number of businesses. The effectiveness of the strategies used would determine the position of the business to cope with the challenges from the macro-environment. Strategic Situation of Kepak Kepak’s Business Environment Kepak is among the three dominant meat processors in the beef industry, in Ireland, one of the countries that have extensive beef industries with high production levels since the 1970s. Agribusiness and food are among the industries that are major boosters of the Irish economy. This is evident from its recognition by the Irish government, in 2010, as a one of the industries that hold the potential to boost the country’s exports. ... Several emerging trends in the macro-environment, most of which are beyond the firm’s control, present situations that the management must strategically address to stay in business. The firm’s management, for instance, faced a great test responding to the distressing economic situation in Ireland’s food and agriculture sector in late November 2010. Being amongst the most significant contributors in the sector, Kepak, through its management, had the obligation to find alternative remedies to the situation. Two sectors were in need of prompt action to revert the situation, making the business environment present seriously challenging features to the management. The five forces model, developed by Porter, is of particular relevance in evaluating Kepak’s business environment and recognition of the best position that presents a powerful situation. The model highlights five forces that create the competitive power in any business environment. The business presen ts a scenario in which consumers preferring high quality to low quality beef can easily switch to a competitor’s substitutes if they are of comparatively high quality. Industry rivalry is an inevitable reality since it is an open market with Kepak as one of the three most known processors and other small-scale processors, which also brings the threat of new entrants. The bargaining power of suppliers and buyers presents one of the vital considerations that the firm must take when planning in the industry’s business environment. Analysis of the Kepak’s Strategy The year 2010, for instance, posed a great test to the management of Kepak because of the unpredictable nature of the business environment. The cost of operation incurred

English speech legalising marijuana for medical reasons Essay Example for Free

English speech legalising marijuana for medical reasons Essay Everyone has probably heard something about the marijuana argument, where the drug is being used to help with pain relief for cancer patients and in certain cases can assist in saving lives. If you haven’t heard, two thirds of the Australian population support legalising marijuana for medicinal purposes, others feel as though it shouldn’t be legalised because it has a negative effect on the user’s actions. If medical marijuana was any other drug it would be formally assessed by the medical profession, but as the public is so highly opinionated this has not occurred. We all know that alcohol is a toxic substance for the body and it’s legal but marijuana is a natural substance and it is not legal!! Marijuana oil has properties for helping with pain relief for a range of different conditions. Back in the 1950’s scientists produced research which showed that smoking marijuana reduced nausea and pain, making it highly effective in treating a range of conditions. Marijuana in its medicinal form is distributed as an oil which is used in food preparations. Take away the perception of the drug as people sitting around getting high on marijuana and think about it as an alternative medical pain relief. I do not support marijuana as a recreation drug however, I support marijuana for medicinal purposes. Everyone assumes that all forms of marijuana are detrimental to your health and wellbeing and many people are unaware of the drugs medicinal values. With this lack of understanding many people have a negative view towards medical marijuana. Everyone assumes marijuana to be bad and a gateway drug as it is highly publicied and many people are very unfamiliar with it. Marijuana is widely used in the manner quite similar to alcohol and is extremely toxic more addictive and harmful to the body; which can result in injuries and can lead to social violence. People die from alcohol overdose, alcohol poisoning and can end up with serious brain damage. Along with alcohol, marijuana has a significant effect on the community, which influences 30% of our population to neither believe, nor support the usage for medical marijuana. Medical marijuana studies have shown that marijuana is neuroprotective which means it works to protect brain cells from harm. As a legal drug doctors would need to prescribe medical marijuana to terminally ill people to reduce their pain, suffering and saving lives. Charotte Figi’s story demonstrates the benefits of medical marijuana. In 2006 Charlotte Figi suffered severely from untreatable epilepsy. By the time she was two her parents had tried all medications in the attempt to cure her epilepsy. Her seizures started off by lasting 30 minutes when she was only 3 months old, the more frequently they became the longer they lasted, some lasting two to four hours. Doctors kept telling Mr and Mrs Figi that she would grow out of it, but she didn’t grow out of it. Mrs Figi said that when charlotte got to the age of 2 it was obvious to her that she was slipping away. In 2000 Colorado voters approved a setup of medical marijuana registry program. The Figi’s daughter had been diagnosed with Dravet syndrome which is a rare form of intractable epilepsy therefore the seizures being uncontrollable. Charlotte lost the ability to walk, talk and eat and had 300 seizures a week. Charlotte’s heart had stopped a number of time and doctors even suggested they put her little body to rest in an induced coma. Her parents did not give up on her and by the time she was 5 her parents learned that the hospital could do nothing more. Charlotte was the youngest patient in the state to ever apply to the use of marijuana but it saved her life. Her seizures almost stopped instantly, Charlotte didn’t have seizures 3 to 4 times in the hour after she had taken the oil, and everyone thought it was a coincidence, they waited another hour and nothing. Charlotte is now takes marijuana oil twice a day in her food, she can now ride a bike, feed herself and talking more and more each day. The Figi’s would not have been able to give medical marijuana had Colorado not have had legalised medical marijuana. If you were in the position of this family wouldn’t you have done the same thing? We should support the legalising of marijuana for medicinal purposes not for recreation use for the reason that the drug is saving lives and helping people though severe pain. It has been proven to help the brain fight off harmful cells and reduces pain and suffering. If you had a child, brother or sister that was suffering from a terminal disease would you not want to have access to medicinal marijuana oil By not legalising the drug for medicinal purposes, more lives are at risk every day. Bibliography Drug Policy Alliance, (2015). How Did Marijuana Become Illegal in the First Place?. [online] Available at: http://www.drugpolicy.org/blog/how-did-marijuana-become-illegal-first-place [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Drugwarrant.com, (2015). Drug WarRant. [online] Available at: http://www.drugwarrant.com/articles/why-is-marijuana-illegal/ [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Saundra Young, C. (2015). Marijuana stops childs severe seizures CNN.com. [online] CNN. Available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/07/health/charlotte-child-medical-marijuana/ [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Webmd.com, (2015). Medical Marijuana Treatment Uses and How It Works. [online] Available at: http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/features/medical-marijuana-uses [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Drug Policy Alliance, (2015). How Did Marijuana Become Illegal in the First Place?. [online] Available at: http://www.drugpolicy.org/blog/how-did-marijuana-become-illegal-first-place [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015].

The role of testimonial advertising in Fmcg sector

The role of testimonial advertising in Fmcg sector In todays intensely competitive, rapidly changing and highly complex environment characterize by diminishing customer loyalty, the need to be market -focused and customer centric is more critical and is gaining importance than any other time in past. Testimonial advertising is usually very effective and is frequently used. It is basically a promotional  method  in which one or more  testimonials  from satisfied  customers  are used. The satisfied customers may be well know or famous personality or may be a common customer. The statement of men and women who are well and favourably known in society tend to influence others in the community to buy a particular product or article which others have used successfully. Hence, the main purpose of the study is to understand the effect of this type of adverstising on FMCG industry. 1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY The study will help to understand the impact and the importance of testimonial advertising as a marketing tool in FMCG sector. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 What is Advertising Advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to take some action. It is the business which draws the attention of public to goods and services. The product name is generally included in advertising. It also explains how that product could prove to be beneficial to the consumer. Advertising helps in persuading a target market to purchase or to consume a particular brand. It serves to communicate an idea to a large number of people. It attempts to convince a group a people to take some certain action. It is a type of communication who aims at informing potential customers about products and services. Commercial advertisers main aim is to increase the consumption of their  products and/or services. This can be done through branding. Branding includes the repetition of an image or product name in an effort to associate related qualities with the brand. Non-commercial advertisers spend money to advertise items other than a consumer product or service. These non commercial advertisers may include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations and governmental agencies.   With the rise of mass production , modern advertising came into existence. Mass media  can be defined as any media meant to reach a mass amount of people. To deliver the different and various types of messages, different types of media can be used. Traditional media such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, outdoor; or  new media  like a websites and text messages can be used. 2.2 Advertising and its various modes Advertising is one of the important aspects which need to be considered in business. Advertising decides how much a product or service will be successful. Different mediums can be used for advertising purposes. Advertising promotes the product and services of a company and drive its sales. It also builds brand identity and also communicates changes of new product /services to the customers. Advertising has become an essential element. The reasons for advertising are ; New product introduced Sales increases Change in product line. Brand builing. There are various media which can be used for advertising based on the several reasons. Several b ranches of advertising can be made based on these criterias. The various categories or types of advertising are mentioned below: 2.2.1 Print Advertising The print advertising includes newspapers, magazines, brochures, fliers etc. The print media have always been a famous and popular way of advertising. It is the most convenient and the most commonly used way of advertising. Depending upon the area occupied by the advertisement and also the position of the advertisement like front page/ middle page etc, these newspapers and magazines sell the advertising space. It is also affected by the readership of the publications. Like for example the cost of giving an advertisement in a new and comparatively less popular newspaper will be less than the one which is more popular and has more readerships. The type of supplement also affects the price of the print ads. The advertisement in the glossy supplement costs much higher than normal paper. The problem of ads in newspapers and magazines is that they can only attract the readers eyes. It is not visible to a person who is not a reader. This problem can be solved by considering several factors: Use right-hand pages for newspaper adverts. The colour also plays an important role. The layout and the text are also very important parts of newspaper adverts. The layout may take the readers look at the main information, and the text is just to inform interested people. Print advertising is equally effective in creating an impact on the masses. But another problem that can arise is that it can address only the educated people. Even though there is a large section of people who indulge in reading newspapers or even simply browsing through the headlines and in the mean time they will take a look at the advertisement which will serve the purpose indeed.   2.2.2 Outdoor Advertising Another popular way of advertising is outdoor ads. It uses several different tools and techniques to attract the customers outdoor. The various types of outdoor advertising can be billboards, kiosks and several events organised by a company. The billboard advertising is the popular of all and grabs the maximum attention of the passers by. The kiosks promote the companys products. The companys can organize various events for publicising their product. 2.2.3 Broadcast advertising Broadcast advertising includes television, radio and the internet. Anything that can be broadcasted using digital means to a large mass comes under broadcast advertising. It is a very popular advertising medium. Television advertising has been popular since the time television came into existence. The duration and the time of the ads decides the cost of the ads. It helps when you want to give a very detailed information of the product. They have proved to have more stonger impact as compared to the others. The radio lost its importance to the new age media but it still remains the choice of the small sc ale advertisers. 2.2.4 Celebrity advertising The most effective way of influencing people is celebrity advertising Although a larger part of the audience has got immune to the varied claims made in a majority of advertisements, there is still a large part of costomers that still relies upon celebrities for advertising their products. 2.2.5 Public Service Advertising The advertising for social cause is called public service advertising. Public service advertising is a technique that uses ads to effectively communicate to the general public and make them aware about matters like illiteracy, poverty, AIDS, energy conservation deforestation etc. 2.3 Importance of advertising The main aim of any business is to maximize its sales resulting into a lot of revenue and profits for the company. Advertising helps in increasing the sales of any business. The second importance is that the product of a specific brand ends up becoming a household name. For example Coke or coca-cola is a house hold brand name. Same is the case of Pepsi. Such popular brand names have huge customer base that is loyal to the brand and continues to purchase the product for a prolonged time period. The craving to purchase and own a particular commodity only arises if people are aware about its existence. This can only happen if the product is advertised properly. 2.3.1 Importance of advertising in marketing Advertising helps in gaining a good loyal customer base. It not only markets the brand but also conveys the financial details about the brand to the customer. The details of pricing often tend to generate an interest in a persons mind. Discount offers often prove to be successful in advertising. Offers like buy 1 get 1 free prove to be quite instrumental for clearance sales etc and result into a spurt of sales. Hence, advertising plays a quite comprehensive role in marketing policies. 2.3.2 Importance of advertising in business Advertising not only just optimizes sales and product promotion but also creates goodwill of the specific brand which is an important asset. A very well known brand not only creates a good customer base but also a good ground to introduce new products under the same banner. The probability of people to buy the new product out of curiosity is very high. Once a good reputation is gained, it helps the business throughout the life time. The effect of one cause leads to the other. Advertising leads to awareness. When people are aware of the product they tend to pay attention to its newer advertisements and the probability that the person will buy the product will increase. Hence, we can say that advertising helps business gain loyal customers as well as a good platform in the entire market.   2.4 IMC Integrated Marketing Communications  (IMC) coordinates and integrates all marketing tools like avenues, functions and sources within a company into a seamless program that maximizes the impact on consumers and other end users at a minimal cost. Marketing efforts incorporate marketing mix. The marketing mix consists of the four Ps of marketing viz product, place, price, promotion. Promotion activities can be done in a variety of ways like sales promotion, personal selling activities etc. It also includes internet marketing, direct marketing, database marketing and public relations. There are various levels of integration such as the horizontal, vertical, external, internal and data integration. They all help to strengthen integrated communications. Horizontal Integration occurs across the marketing mix and across business functions. On the other hand, External Integration,, requires external partners such as advertising and PR agencies to work closely together to deliver a single solution. Integrated marketing communications includes online and offline marketing channels. By online marketing channels we mean e-marketing campaigns, programs, podcast, internet radio, internet tv etc. Whereas, billboards, television traditional radio mail order, traditional print etc come under offline marketing channels. IMC is a data driven approach whose main focus is to identify consumer insights and to develop a strategy with the right combination of channels to build a strong brand consumer relationship 2.4.1 Importance of IMC IMC requires a lot of efforts to ultimately deliver many benefits. It saves money, boosts the profits and sales of the company and creates a competitive advantage. It improves communications with the customer and helps them to move through the different stages of the buying process. This Relationship Marketing creates a strong bond of loyalty with the customers and helps in protecting them from inevitable competition. Retaining a customer for life proves to be a powerful competitive advantage. Because of its increased effectiveness, IMC helps in increasing profits.   IMC can boost sales by stretching messages across several communications tools to create more avenues for customers to become aware, aroused, and ultimately, to make a purchase. Finally, IMC helps in eliminating duplication in graphics and photography, which can be used in advertising, exhibitions and sales literature and thus saves money. 2.5 Testimonial advertising Testimonial advertising can be defined as a promotional  method  in which one or more  testimonials  from satisfied  customers  are used. It is a very effective form of advertising. It involves statement of men and women who are well and favourably known in the society to influence other people to buy the particular product. This is usually done by speaking good and favourable things about the product to prove the handiness of the product in use. It can be done through any form of media like print, radio, television etc. However television proves to be most successful because it involves both audio and visual components. Seeing the person use the product makes us believe more than just reading or hearing about it. Very big companies use this type of advertising as a promotional method to increase their customer base and also their profits. A few examples to testimonial advertising which proved to be very successful in the recent past are- The lalitaji campaign used by Hindustan UniLiver, or the repositioning of lifebuoy, or the media strategy used by HLL for close-up, or the brand management strategy used by dabur for vatika, or horlicks by gsk, or the desh ka namak campaign for tata salt by HLL. 2.6 Importance of customer testimonials To achieve desired behavioural response, marketers use influential marketing methods like the word of mouth communications etc. Customer reviews and testimonials prove to be very powerful when it comes to advertising and especially in case of FMCG sector. They offer a sense of security in the minds of new customers and build credibility. The most challenging task is to get your customers provide you the review which you are expecting. A good review by the customer or a good testimonial is beneficial to the customer in many ways. 2.7 FMCG industry Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) goods are also known as consumer packaged goods. They range from soaps , detergents, household stuffs, accessories etc. The items are usually the ones which come in handy in regular basis.the consumption of these products is very high and is still increasing day by day. 2.7.1 What is FMCG FMCG products usually have a high turnover ratio. They are low to medium range products. It mainly deals with the marketing and distribution of consumer goods. They are required by the consumer on daily basis and hence leads to high sales. 2.7.2 Common FMCG products Some common FMCG product categories include food, glassware, paper , pharmaceuticals, consumer electronics, packaged food products, plastic goods, printing and stationery, household products, photography, drinks etc. And also soaps, shampoos, cells etc. 2.7.3 Major companies in FMCG Hindustan Unilever Ltd ITC Dabur India Nestle India Cadbury India Procter and gamble Marico Industries Britannia CHAPTER 3 DATA COLLECTION This report will be totally focusing on the FMCG companies preferences towards testimonial advertising and the effect and influence of testimonial advertising on the FMCG sector. As the advertising techniques are used for the marketing of the product so the research will be done in the area of marketing. 3.1 Data sources One of the major challenges in any research is the data collection. It is not only important to collect data but also to know how to use it. There can be two types of data which can be used in any survey Primary data Secondary data Primary data is the information collected from original sources for the first time. Primary data is usually specific, relevant and is current. Its main disadvantage is its high cost and the amout of time takes. Secondary data is information that already exits which was collected by somebody for other purposes and is now available to the researcher as a secondary source of information. It gives an overview of the market. Secondary data does not take as much time as primary data and involves less cost. Secondary data is usually collected from the documents like published articles and the Internet. But internet lacks reliability. For this report I have taken secondary data sources as a data collection method. 3.1.1 Secondary Data Sources A) Literature Review To understand the general concept of advertising and how testimonial advertising is used in FMCG sector B) Internet: to gather information regarding various types of companies in FMCG Sector. C) Newspaper: it is a good medium for disseminating information to millions of people. In Newspapers, one can see the advertisement of various FMCG products. CHAPTER 4 ANALYSIS 4.1 SWOT analysis The SWOT-model ( strengths, weaknesses, opportunity, threats) gives the internal strength and weaknesses of the company It also reflects the external factors from the market . The SWOT analysis can be described as follows 4.1.1 Strengths Well known brands are present in FMCG sector. Distribution network is good Operational costs are low. 4.1.2 Weaknesses Scope of investing in technology is low. Duplication of products of well established brands. Export levels are low. 4.1.3 Opportunities High consumer goods spending Untapped market (rural). Domestic market is very large. Purchasing power of consumer is increasing. 4.1.4 Threats Import restrictions mite be removed from domestic brands 4.2 Case study 4.2.1 Lalitaji Hindustan unilever launched lalitaji in the year a 1959. She was used for the endorsement of surf. Soon after the launch of lalitaji, surf became a synonym of detergents and powders. It remained the largest selling detergent powder for long time. Then came the launch of Nirma by Karsanbhai patel. To respond to the low priced nirma, they came up with a memorable advertising strategy. It featured a middle class housewife Kavita Choudhary.soon the lalitaji could ne identified by the people even on the streets. Overnight it gained importance. She could be seen in almost every role. Like a daughter, wife, neighbour, daughter in-law, mother. It taught us the difference between sasti cheez ans asli cheez. HLLs main target was the middle class housewives. Lalitaji clearly portrayed a strong headed and strong willed character. An ironic twist occurred and soon the common lalitaji became larger than the brand itself. But later in 1980s Nirma also launced a similar figure called deepika ji. HLL later launced surf ultra with lalitaji. And then the famous ad dhoondh te reh jaoge came in the picture. Later in the 1990s HLL was backed by surf excel. The lalitaji was now a working modern women. May be a lawyer, journalist, or a business women. What was retained was her spotless white garb.the inevitable stains was reassured by those who looked at her shopping bag surf excel hai na. Lalitaji was gone but the brand clicked the segment et again. The campaign reflected the changing role of Indian women. Surf hence became generic and many people refer to detergent as surf. C:UserssonyDesktoplalitaji_surf ad.JPG Chapter 5 Conclusion 5.1 The future of FMCG FMCG is expected to grow to Rs 400,000-crore industry by 2020. The consumption pattern of people has evolved rapidly in the past few years. The consumers are curious to experience what they have not experienced till now. The quest for the new still continues. The needs are soon getting replaced by the wants. The FMCG sector witnessed robust year-on-year growth of approximately 11 per cent in the last decade, almost tripling in size from Rs 47,000 crore in 2000-01 to Rs 130,000 crore now. 5.2 Conclusion Since the FMCG sector is expected to grow several folds in the coming years, advertising in this sector will prove to be fruitful for any company. Sales are the lifeblood of any business. Without sales there would be no business. Therefore it is very important that if a business wants to succeed, it should have good sales. Advertising helps in increasing the sales of any product. Since testimonial advertising influences the people to a great extent and leaves an everlasting impression in the minds of the customer, it can prove to be a powerful tool for advertising. It is important to study the consumer behaviour and their choices especially in FMCG industry because there are several brands as options for the customer. Since the financial risk is very low in this segment the consumers do not mind switching from one brand to the other. Hence it is very important for the marketer to know the ways of marketing and advertising its products properly. Since, advertising forms such an important aspect of marketing, its study and understanding is very important. Testimonial advertising have also helped in contributing to the improvements of the advertising strategies to a great extent.

Narco-Terror: the United States, the Drug War, and the War on Terror

Narco-Terror: the United States, the Drug War, and the War on Terror Introduction The United States has had a long-standing policy of intervening in the affairs of other nations when the country has thought it within its best interests to do so. Since the 1970’s the United States has tried to impose its will on other nations to combat the most pressing political enemy of the day often linking the war on drugs to the matter to stoke support both domestically and abroad. In the times of the Cold War, this enemy was communism and the government tried to make the connection of the â€Å"Red Dope Menace† insinuating drug links with China, Castro’s Cuba, and the Sandinistas in Nicaragua. However, as the world has evolved and communism’s prominence has waned, there is a new enemy whose existence has become intertwined with the drug war. That enemy is terrorism. The connection has gone so far that politicians and journalists have coined a new term to describe the link calling this new problem of our time â€Å"Narco-terror.† This pa per will examine US efforts to control the drug trade and fight terrorism in Colombia, Peru, Afghanistan and the desired and often undesired consequences that have come about because of those efforts. Colombia Narcoterrorism has a long past in the history of Colombia, focusing mainly on the market development of one drug: cocaine. Colombia, with its arid tropical climate and lush land, is an ideal place for the sowing and reaping of the coca plant whose extracts are synthesized into the powder cocaine drug. As Colombian cocaine production skyrocketed in the 1970’s and 1980’s thanks to booming demand for the product in Americas, drug kingpins in Colombia began to wield immense power in the country. ... ... Connection Between Drugs and Terror.† June 20, 2002. 10. Sly, Liz â€Å"Opium Cash Fuels Terror†¦Ã¢â‚¬  February 9, 2004. 11. â€Å"Colombia’s Crimson Night.† 12. Gray, Mike. â€Å"Drugs and Terrorism.† 13. Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs. â€Å"Plan Colombia.† March 14, 2001. 14. Taylor, Robert â€Å"Peru: Sendero on the Offensive – in Court† April 2003. 15. â€Å"Sendero Luminoso Attacks.†

Physics of the Acoustic Guitar Essays -- physics guitars

Stringed instruments are most likely the oldest type of musical instruments. The acoustic guitar has been around since the 1500's, and is the most common stringed instrument used today. The guitar is one of the most versatile instruments in existence, being used in virtually every style of music. It can produce a wide range of sounds depending upon the style of the guitar and the type of strings used on it. The two main styles of acoustic guitars are the nylon-stringed and the steel-stringed. Nylon-stringed guitars are used mainly for styles such as classical music and flamenco. Steel-stringed guitars are most commonly associated with country and folk music. Before getting into how the guitar works, it will be beneficial to take a look at the different parts that make up a guitar. A guitar has three main parts- a body, neck and headstock. There are various styles and designs for acoustic guitars, but no matter the style, all of them have essentially the same parts. The body acts as an anchor for the neck and bridge. The top of the body is called the sounding board. It is responsible for almost all of the guitars acoustics, and is what allows the ear to hear the sound created by playing the guitar. The sounding board generally has a large hole cut in it called the sound hole. The bridge, which is also located on the sounding board, is what anchors the strings to the body. The neck is the long, slender part of the guitar connecting the body to the head. the front of the neck is called the fret board. This is where the frets are spaced down the entire neck. The frets are thin bars that are set perpendicular to the strings. The frets make it possible to create a variety of tones by... ... pattern of these resonance waves in order to cut down on interference, thus creating a richer sound. Bibliography Askill, John. Physics of Musical Sounds. New York: D. Van Norstrand Company, 1979. Billington, Ian. The Physics of the Acoustic Guitar. 9 Apr. 2003. 211.web.stuff/billington/main.htm> Guitar Acoustics. 9 Apr. 2003. Hokin, Sam. The Physics of Everyday Stuff: The Guitar. 9 Apr. 2003. /physics/stuff/guitar.html> How Stuff Works: How Acoustic Guitars Work. 9 Apr. 2003. com/guitar1.htm> Phillips, Mark, and Jon Chappell. Guitar For Dummies. Foster City: IDG Books, 1998. Sumit's Acoustic Guitar Anatomy. 9 Apr. 2003. anatomy.html> Physics of the Acoustic Guitar Essays -- physics guitars Stringed instruments are most likely the oldest type of musical instruments. The acoustic guitar has been around since the 1500's, and is the most common stringed instrument used today. The guitar is one of the most versatile instruments in existence, being used in virtually every style of music. It can produce a wide range of sounds depending upon the style of the guitar and the type of strings used on it. The two main styles of acoustic guitars are the nylon-stringed and the steel-stringed. Nylon-stringed guitars are used mainly for styles such as classical music and flamenco. Steel-stringed guitars are most commonly associated with country and folk music. Before getting into how the guitar works, it will be beneficial to take a look at the different parts that make up a guitar. A guitar has three main parts- a body, neck and headstock. There are various styles and designs for acoustic guitars, but no matter the style, all of them have essentially the same parts. The body acts as an anchor for the neck and bridge. The top of the body is called the sounding board. It is responsible for almost all of the guitars acoustics, and is what allows the ear to hear the sound created by playing the guitar. The sounding board generally has a large hole cut in it called the sound hole. The bridge, which is also located on the sounding board, is what anchors the strings to the body. The neck is the long, slender part of the guitar connecting the body to the head. the front of the neck is called the fret board. This is where the frets are spaced down the entire neck. The frets are thin bars that are set perpendicular to the strings. The frets make it possible to create a variety of tones by... ... pattern of these resonance waves in order to cut down on interference, thus creating a richer sound. Bibliography Askill, John. Physics of Musical Sounds. New York: D. Van Norstrand Company, 1979. Billington, Ian. The Physics of the Acoustic Guitar. 9 Apr. 2003. 211.web.stuff/billington/main.htm> Guitar Acoustics. 9 Apr. 2003. Hokin, Sam. The Physics of Everyday Stuff: The Guitar. 9 Apr. 2003. /physics/stuff/guitar.html> How Stuff Works: How Acoustic Guitars Work. 9 Apr. 2003. com/guitar1.htm> Phillips, Mark, and Jon Chappell. Guitar For Dummies. Foster City: IDG Books, 1998. Sumit's Acoustic Guitar Anatomy. 9 Apr. 2003. anatomy.html>

Analysis of A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Essay -- essays re

â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities† by Charles Dickens is an artfully crafted tale that unabashedly tells the story of the injustice, the horror and the madness of the French Revolution. More than this, it is a story of one man’s redemption, one man who Dickens vividly portrays as being â€Å"a nobody†. This nobody had thrown away his life. â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities† is the tale of Sydney Carton and his full circle redemption. The first impression we get of Sydney Carton is not a pleasant one. â€Å"[Sydney Carton] sat leaning back, with his torn gown half off him, his untidy wig put on just as it happened to light on his head after removal, his hands in his pockets, and his eyes on the ceiling as they had been all day. Something especially reckless in his demeanor†¦gave him a disreputable look.† (p. 57) From this description we get the impression that Carton is a slacker and that he doesn’t care about appearances. We also learn that he is a drunk. â€Å" ‘You have had your bottle, I perceive, Sydney.’ ‘Two tonight, I think.’ † (p.66) Sydney is trying to find the answers for his problems in the wrong places and he has begun to give up hope. â€Å" He resorted to his pint of wine for consolation, drank it all in a few minutes and fell asleep on his arms, with his hair straggling over the table, and a long winding-sheet in the candle dripping down upon h im.† (p. 64) Sydney Carton is in bad shape. He is an alcoholic, he is depressed and he has nothing going for him. Before a chick is born, it must first break free of the shell that encases it. It only begins to chip once it realizes that breaking free is the only way to start a new life. In the same way Carton begins to take a serious look at who he is and what he has become. â€Å" ‘Do you particularly like the m... ...ounters a young, frightened seamstress. Carton takes her hand and commands her to never take her eyes off him. â€Å" ‘ Keep your eyes on me, dear child, and mind no other object.’ † (p. 291) Sydney Carton, had always been the follower, but now, he takes the lead in his own life. Amidst the chaos and the confusion of the crowd, Sydney Carton whispers his final words. â€Å" ‘It is a far, far better thing that I do, then I have ever done, it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.† (p. 293) As the chick chips its shell to its final breaking free, Sydney Carton begins the journey of redemption and completely transforms himself. Carton ascends to the plane of heroism, using his death to save the lives of others. His own life thus gains meaning and value. â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities† is truly the tale of the miraculous redemption of one, ordinary â€Å"nobody.†

Theoretical conceptual framework of the organizational structures of the elementary classroom

Chapter Two: Reappraisal of LiteratureThe reappraisal of literature is organized into five countries. The first country explores the theoretical/conceptual model of the organisational constructions of the simple schoolroom. The traditional, self-contained, schoolroom along with the different types of departmentalized instructional agreements. The 2nd country, pupil accomplishment findings in different types of organisational constructions are highlighted in a chronological mode. The 3rd and 4th countries look into reading and mathematics accomplishment at the simple school degree. Finally, the 5th country summarizes the reappraisal of literature findings. Theoretical/Conceptual ModelThroughout much of the twentieth century, simple school construction has been debated by pedagogues and decision makers ( McGrath & A ; Rust, 2002 ) in relationship to both pupil acquisition ( bettering both reading and math ) and teacher efficiency. From the early 1900s to 1930 there was a turning involvement in departmentalization, and during these old ages it was on the addition ; from 1930 to 1940 there was changeless argument between those who favored the self-contained schoolroom and those who favored the departmentalization construction, with each side claiming advantages to each ; between 1940 and 1949 more schools and territories were reported as giving up on the departmentalization facet than following it ; so in the decennary from 1950 to 1959, departmentalization was increasing once more, largely in the intermediate classs and junior high schools ( Lobdell & A ; Van Ness, 1963 ) . Throughout the balance of the twentieth century there was still a batch of argument but a bulk of the self-contained schoolrooms were used in the simple schools and the departmentalized attack was being used in the junior high and high schools. Today, there is some departmentalization go oning in the primary classs, but non a great trade.Traditional Classroom StructureThe self-contained schoolroom is the most common simple school organisation used today ; Ackerlund ( 1959 ) felt that although self-contained maintains a better student-teacher relationship, it is hard for the instructor to be knowing and prepared to learn all topics.Departmentalized Classroom StructureAcross the United States departmentalization has been implemented in a assortment of ways. The American Association of School Administrators ( 1965 ) reported on a countrywide study that was conducted by the Educational Research Service. The intent of the study was to detect how many schools were implementing departmentalization, what fluctuation of departmentalization they used, and allowed the responding schools to explicate any advantages and disadvantages about departmentalization pertaining to pupils, instructors, and parents. The consequences confirmed that there were many simple schools that used a fluctuation of departmentalization. This study concluded that many schools throughout the United States have tried departmentalization, and some schools continued to utilize it due to its success. The consequences of the study concluded that departmentalization can be successful for pupils and instructors when implemented to suit the demands of the school. Student Achievement FindingssIn the yesteryear, a limited figure of empirical surveies and research studies have attempted to find the relationship between schoolroom organisational constructions and pupil accomplishment. Specifically, the literature has attempted to turn to whether or non a relationship exists between two outstanding types of schoolroom organisations ( i.e. , self-contained schoolrooms and departmentalized schoolrooms ) and student accomplishment ( reading and math ) within those constructions. Harris ‘s ( 1996 ) survey was on departmentalization and self-contained schoolrooms affect on sixth grade pupils reading accomplishment. In this survey 107 Chicago pupils were sampled in two groups. One group consisted of pupils larning reading in a departmentalized schoolroom construction and another group in a self-contained schoolroom construction. The reading comprehension was measured by the Basic Skills IOWA trial. The consequences were that self-contained pupils scored higher than departmentalized pupils significantly. Harris believed that this may be merely because 6th grade pupils may be excessively immature to set to the new modus operandi and do non necessitate changeless alteration. The undermentioned theory about departmentalization was studied by McGrath and Rust ( 2002 ) , when a school is departmentalized there will be both a lessening in academic accomplishment and a loss of instructional proceedingss, due to passages between categories. The topics of the survey were 197 fifth and 6th class pupils from a rural school territory in Tennessee. All pupils attended self-contained categories until 4th class. School A was departmentalized in fifth and 6th class and School B was departmentalized in 6th class. Academic accomplishment was measured utilizing the norm referenced Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program ( TCAP ) . The information for passage clip was by direct observation in the schoolrooms for two full yearss. The survey revealed that self-contained pupils performed better in linguistic communication and scientific discipline for both 5th and 6th classs. There was really small difference found in reading, math, and societal surveies. Trial consequenc es showed that all groups had shown betterment from the old appraisal. The information for passage clip determined that passages were more efficient in self-contained categories, but instructional proceedingss per category were non significantly different. The writer felt that self-contained categories performed higher academically. Reading AccomplishmentReading accomplishment in the province of Florida has been steadily increasing over the last decennary. Harmonizing to the 2007 National Assessment of Education Programs ( NAEP ) report the figure of 4th graders who score at or above the adept degree raised from 21 % in 1992 to 34 % in 2007. Eight class pupils in the province have shown an addition from 23 % of the pupils making at the proficiency degree in 1992 to 28 % in 2007. As portion of the pupil appraisal and school answerability plans of the Florida Department of Education ( FDOE ) , FCAT appraisals are designed to mensurate pupil accomplishment in specific reading content, as described by the Sunshine State Standards ( SSS ) ( FDOE, 1996 ) . Literacy is defined as â€Å" the ability to read and compose information to map in society. † Bing literate is critical for life-long success in about all enterprises. There is concern in our state about the reading accomplishment degrees of pupils of all ages and class degrees. Millions of pupils attend public schools in hopes of having a quality instruction ; nevertheless, for many pupils this dream will ne'er go a world. In today ‘s schools, excessively many kids struggle with larning to read. As many instructors and parents will corroborate, reading failure has exacted a immense long-run effect for kids ‘s assurance to larn to read ( NRP 2002 ) . Mathematicss AchievementMathematicss accomplishment in the province of Florida has besides been steadily increasing over the last decennary. Harmonizing to the 2009 National Assessment of Education Programs ( NAEP ) report the figure of 4th graders who score at or above the adept degree raised from 52 % in 1992 to 86 % in 2009. Eight class pupils in the province have shown an addition from 49 % of the pupils making at the proficiency degree in 1992 to 70 % in 2009. As stated before, FCAT appraisals are besides designed to mensurate pupil accomplishment in specific math content, as described by the Sunshine State Standards ( SSS ) ( FDOE, 1996 ) . DrumheadAckerlund, G. ( 1959 ) . Some teacher positions on the self-contained schoolroom. In B. O. Smith & A ; M. P. Franklin ( Eds. ) , School organisation: Theory and pattern ( pp. 199-202 ) . Chicago: Rand McNally & A ; Company. American Association of School Administrators. ( 1965 ) . Departmentalization in simple schools. Washington, DC: Writer. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/33/d1/35.pdf Florida Department of Education ( 1996 ) . Sunshine State Standards. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fldoe.org/bii/curriculum/sss/ Harris, M. ( 1996 ) . The consequence of departmentalization on the reading accomplishment of 6th grade pupils. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/14/85/4e.pdf Lobdell, L. O. & A ; Van Ness, W. J. ( 1963 ) . The self-contained schoolroom in the simple school. The Elementary School Journal, 63 ( 4 ) , 212-217. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jstor.org/stable/999836 McGrath, C. , & A ; Rust, J. ( 2002 ) . Academic accomplishment and between-class passage clip for self-contained and departmental upper-elementary categories. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 29 ( 1 ) , 40. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/ehost/pdf? vid=4 & A ; hid=105 & A ; sid=9f145265-747a-4c38-893a-1fbebc6b49a6 % 40sessionmgr113 National Reading Panel. ( 2003, November ) . Teaching kids to read. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nationalreadingpanel.org U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. ( 2007 ) . The states study card ; reading 2007. Retrieved from National Center for Education Statistics Website: hypertext transfer protocol: //nces.ed.gov/ hypertext transfer protocol: //nationsreportcard.gov/ U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. ( 2009 ) . The states study card ; mathematics 2009. Retrieved from National Center for Education Statistics Website: hypertext transfer protocol: //nces.ed.gov/ hypertext transfer protocol: //nationsreportcard.gov/

Lord of the Flies: Human Nature Essay

In the novel, Lord of the Flies, Golding has young and innocent children on a remote island to test how human nature works. Golding uses objects such as the conch and the Beast to reflect our society politically and psychologically. The novel shows human’s own illness and human nature. Human nature is unavoidable and can be a source of evil. It is one’s nature to do whatever it takes in order to survive. By trying to survive one’s evil creeps out. Jack and his hunters showed the most evil. The first pig being killed was the first sign of evil. They celebrated the killings and became blood thirsty for hunting. It was human nature for the hunters and the little boys to follow Jack and to try to survive on the island. Evil is an inborn trait that lives inside every one. It is our parents’ job to teach good morals and values when we are young, but evil can not be fully covered up. The children enjoyed the freedom away from rules and adults. As time passes on the island their freedom soon turns into a nightmare and in the end some died. Civilization is not so far from savagery and everyone has some kind of evil lurking about. Even the little innocent British boys have a certain amount of evil in themselves. The kids are used to rules, but they soon realize that rules do not matter anymore. They can not be punished for throwing rocks or pushing a boulder and killing someone. Roger can not get into trouble by adults anymore, so his human nature kicks in and he reveals his evilness. He was able to kill without getting into trouble. The Beast is messing with the kids’ minds and they become crazed little boys. The fear makes them turn into savages and kill to survive. The Beast is like a phobia for the littluns. Beast from the Air arrives and stirs up some more trouble. It confuses them because they realize there are more things to be cautious of. The conch was supposed to be good, but the power of it changes the kids. Jack and Ralph fight about who has the conch and who is the leader. It is human nature for Jack to desire the conch and what is not his. Human nature has a big role in Lord of the Flies and many of the kids can not handle it. Once human nature was revealed many turned into little killers. It was human nature to try to survive and many did live at the end, but at the cost of lives.

Richard Cory and God’s Work

People can suffer in silence and suddenly they either shock us by doing something drastic or they emerge as heroes who win our admiration. † a) Briefly outline what happens in â€Å"Richard Cory† and â€Å"God’s Work†. Richard Cory, the subject of the poem by Edwin Arlington Robinson, is a man who is highly favored in his community. The working class citizens, one of which is the narrator of the poem, are always admiring his sophistication and his regal attitude. They also have high regards for his humanity, wealth as well as his status in education.The people think that Richard Cory is everything; they begin to cut back on the things they do in hope to achieve a similar lifestyle to the one that Richard Cory lives. However, without any identified reason, Richard kills himself, bringing surprise to the ones who admire him together with the reader. In the poem â€Å"God’s Work† by Ian McDonald, death also occurs, however, being of a different s tate to that of â€Å"Richard Cory†. The poet respects the main character, Mister Edwards, who is his gardener, handyman and a good friend.Mister Edwards is a strong man, both physically and mentally, and a handsome man too. However, he is ill and is experiencing the factors of death. Although Mister Edwards suffers a slow and excruciating death, he shows his great appreciation for the things he experiences. He believes that whatever happens, whether it may be pleasing or dissatisfying, it is God’s work and it happens for a reason. Coming on to the end of the poem, the poet describes the pain that Mister Edwards endures, and how many people believe that he has a strong heart.Finally, he dies, and the persona cynically cries out â€Å"God’s Work†. b) How does the statement above apply to each poem? After reading the poems â€Å"Richard Cory† and â€Å"God’s Work,† it is clearly recognized that the statement is applied in both poems. In the poems, the two main characters suffer silently, however, in â€Å"Richard Cory,† his death shocks the reader and in â€Å"God’s Work†, Mister Edwards’ strength allowed him to become admirable to the reader. The first half of the poem that states, â€Å"People suffer in silence and suddenly they either hock us by doing something drastic,† is in relation to the poem â€Å"Richard Cory†. The way in which Richard lives his life and carries himself is admired by the narrators, who continually describe his characteristics throughout most of the poem. This may be evident where they describe him as being, â€Å"Clean favored, and imperially slim. † The working class also tries their utmost best to become an individual such as Richard, evident in the lines, â€Å"In fine, we thought he was everything to make us wish that we were in his place.So on we worked, and waited for the light, and went without the meat, and cursed the bread. † Through this way of thinking, Richard Cory creates an extreme shock to the reader, by killing himself on â€Å"one calm summer night†. â€Å"God’s Work† relates to the second half of the statement which says that the people who suffer in silence, â€Å"they emerge as heroes who win our admiration. † It is evident throughout the poem that Mister Edwards is suffering from a painful illness. The poet describes Mister Edwards’ suffering; the â€Å"spasms† he experiences â€Å"crumpling up his face. However, he tries to maintain his dignity even during death through â€Å"the effort to hold back the gut contracting cry†. Obviously, Mister Edwards is a man of good faith in God. He accepts that even the worst that can happen is a part of â€Å"God’s Work† as well as the death that he is experiencing. Mister Edwards’ struggle reveals his strength of character and his heroism allowing him to become such an admiration t o the reader. c) In each case, what poetic device does the poet use to make us feel shock or admiration?The poetic device that the poets use in both poems is that of situational irony, so as to make us feel shock or admiration. In â€Å"Richard Cory†, by the way in which the citizens speak about Richard Cory’s wealth, education and his general way of living, the reader is made to believe that he is contented with his life. This may be evident in his royality; him being â€Å"a gentleman from sole to crown, clean favored, and imperially slim. † Further, it is also obvious in the way Richard Cory â€Å"glittered when he walked,† and how rich and â€Å"admirably schooled† he is.The citizens long to become as successful as Richard Cory is and â€Å"waited for the light†. However, at the end of the poem, the situational irony shocks the reader, as the narrators reveal that Richard Cory kills himself. This occurs since the reader did not expect su ch a humble and pleasant man, who seems to have everything, to do something that drastic. For the poem â€Å"God’s Work† many situations of irony occur. However, the ironic situation that allows the reader to evoke feelings of admiration is the situation where Mister Edwards accepts death as the actions of God despite the nature of the event.Although many would think that â€Å"God’s Work† is just about the blooming flowers and the rising sun, Mister Edwards believes that harsh storms and floods are also â€Å"God’s Work†, evident where the persona says, â€Å"’God’s work’, he would say when the rain pelted down and floods rushed in rivers and storms lashed the tree-tops†. The reader may wonder why such an agonizing death is experienced by someone who is said to be of good character, as he is described by the persona in the second stanza, but Mister Edwards has faith in God, believing that he allows suffering for there is a reason behind it.

Mexican American Journal Entry Essay

It has been 11 years since we have arrived to Los Angeles, California. I can still remember the feeling of when my father had said to us that he we would be moving to a far place to try to find better jobs for my mother and him because with the two jobs my father had and the washing and ironing of other peoples clothes my mom did was not bringing enough money to support my sisters and me and did they wanted to provide a better life for my sisters and me. Mexico was such a poor country that my parents could not see themselves make enough money to support my sisters and me, let alone see us get a better education. So my parents decide to migrate to the United States with one of my mother’s brother. We arrived in Los Angeles, California on July 16, 1931, with my Aunt Julia and Uncle Fernando. My family and I were so happy to finally arrive to the U. S. to live the â€Å"American Dream. † Soon we would find out that our dreams would come crushing down fast. After settling down, my mother decided it was time to enroll my sisters and me into school. My mother asked my Aunt Julia and Uncle Fernando what my sisters and I need to enroll into school but since my aunt and uncle did not have any children, they were unable to tell my parents the information we would need. As my mother, my sisters and I walked into the school we could notice all the â€Å"gringos† looking at us in a weird way (looking at us like we did not belong there). My mother can right away tell that there was something wrong that we would not be accepted into that school. My mom was correct, as we entered the office the school secretary told my mother that we were not welcomed there and that if she wanted to enroll us into school it needed to be in a segregated Mexican school. Walking out of the school with confusion on her face, my mother saw an elderly Mexican American woman who spoke Spanish and asked her if she knew the reason we were not accepted into the school. The woman proceeded to explain to my mother that in the past few years many Mexicans were migrating to the U. S forced by the economic and political disorder produced by the Mexican Revolution and were tempted by jobs in U. S. agribusiness and industry that many Americans feared losing their jobs to underpaid illegal immigrants. Americans could not deal with losing the jobs they had especially during this time of the Great Depression. The elderly woman proceeded to explain to my mother that Mexicans were not welcomed to California or other parts of the country, that Mexicans were discriminated against and that we only had to go to schools that were for Mexicans only, that the only language we could speak in the schools regardless if they were for Mexicans only was English. She read my mother some signs that said, â€Å"NO MEXICANS ALLOWED. † She continued to tell my mother which neighborhoods we could not enter and which we could. If we saw signs like the ones she read for us, then we should be aware that we were not wanted there. After finding an all Mexican school for my sisters and me, my parents thought the hard part was over. I would here them talking in their bed room that as long as they did not bother the â€Å"gringos† or got in there way we would not have anything to worry about but they were wrong. Shortly after being able to find jobs for themselves, I began to see my parents worried and listening to their radios all the time. They had just found out that Mexicans were being deported back to Mexico regardless of their legal status. The news stated that tens of thousands of Mexican families were arrested and sent to jail for 10 days before they were sent to Mexico by train, because of an anti-immigrant campaign that the Americans had done. Those families were not given a chance to proof if any family members were U. S citizens. Families were not given the chance to take anything with them. The news also began announcing free trains rides back to Mexico for Mexican American and Mexicans who wished to voluntarily be taken back to Mexico. I can remember seeing my mother cry because she said she did not want to return to Mexico and live in the horrible conditions we were living in before. She begged my father to do something so we did not have to return to Mexico. One day my father came home telling my mother that he had heard of migrant work camps established by the U. S. Farm Security Administration, or FSA and that they had a possibility of getting jobs there to stay in the U. S. The camps provided housing, food, and medicine for immigrant families as well as safety from any criminal elements that can take advantage of defenseless immigrants. We had the possibility of staying we were extremely happy!! Little by little more Mexicans have extended their stay as well as the places were we live at. The most popular places where Mexicans live at now are Chicago, California, and New York. We stayed in the U. S. , my sisters and I are receiving a great education and compared to Mexico, I think we are now living the American Dream!!!! Reference: Depression and the Struggle for Survival. (2005, April 20). Immigration. Retrieved August 10, 2008, from The Library of Congress. Koch, W. (2006, April 4). 1930s Deportees Await Apology. USA TODAY. Retrieved from http:www. usatoday. com.

Museum report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Museum report - Essay Example I was impressed by different kinds of art including paintings and carvings. However, this report specifically puts more emphasis on the ‘Netsuke carvings’. The carving is about the ancient Japanese clothing where, Kimono (a Japanese garment without pockets). I was amused on how tiny personal effects like small knives were tucked into the garment’s sleeves which is made to slip below sash (obi), or kept in some hanging vessels called sagemono. It was amazing how ‘netsuke’, which sounds ‘nets-keh’, were incorporated as toggles in the garments to ensure the vessels carrying the personal effects was balanced. I learnt the ancient Japanese valued tobacco as the pouches were also part of the garment. The carvings were accurate, smooth, and all details were clearly portrayed. For instance, one could easily perceive that the hanging containers were balanced. Some objects made of wood or coral and looking like animals were kept together with the g arment carvings. I learnt that the animal carvings portrayed the initial garments shapes before netsuke. Japanese civilization is the act of the ancient Japanese leaving their traditional ways of life in terms of education, clothing, and socioeconomic activities to adopt the western kind of living. This began in the 19th century where foreigners were allowed to move to Japan to do some trade, during which the ancient Japan was under the leadership of Tokugawa Ieyasu. The western rulers forced the Japanese to enter into agreement that granted them more powers in terms of economy and law. Since all foreign offences were to be tried in the western counties, it limited the powers of the Japanese. The Japanese adopted the western political systems where the emperor never ruled alone but accepted opinions or advice from other groups. In the ancient rule, the emperor gave direct unquestionable orders. Uniting armies from different domains and having a common training also

Compare and Contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Compare and Contrast - Essay Example This means that; it is a poet’s place in society to act as an overseer, and point out the things that may be out of place. In the past, poets brought out the political injustices through satire. This art has extended to different fields. Also, poets have the ability to bring out different messages through the themes present in their poems. The themes offer them a chance to express what they might be feeling. As one of the oldest forms of art, poetry has its place in society as it gives individuals a chance to reinvent themselves, hence; be worthy in the eyes of society (Bloom 91). This paper will examine the theme brought out by two poets in their prime, and the comparisons and dissimilarities that occur in this theme. Walt Whitman and Federico Garcia are well-renowned poets who dedicated their skill to the world. During their era, a lot was happening in their immediate surroundings. They used their skill to communicate with individuals about what was happening to protect them , or assist them comprehend their situations. In, When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d, Whitman was bringing the world’s attention to the death of a great leader (Bloom 91). It was after the assassination of Lincoln that Whitman decided to write the poem, and bring out the theme of death. It was a poem of mourning where he mourned the passing of an icon. These poems are often described as elegies. It was pastoral elegy dedicated to the fallen hero, and all that he had done. In, Lament for Ignacio Sanchez Mejjas, Federico wrote about his beloved friend whom he cherished and adored (Arana 159). Federico mourned the passing of his friend through a long process of grief. The theme of death in both the poems is brought out in a traditional fashion by both poets. This is one similarity that stands out in both the poems. In Federico’s poem, he brings out the traditional aspect of the elegy. He brings the long process of grief through the poem about his departed acq uaintance. This symbolism takes precedence over the life and cultural traditions that accustom an honourable person in society. In Whitman’s poem, the traditional aspect is seen through the symbolism the poet puts in the fallen president. He uses the Western star to symbolise the fallen president, and a number of other symbolic features to represent the life of the star (Bloom 91). Both these deaths were of exemplary individuals; Lincoln in Whitman’s case, and Ignacio, the bullfighter, in Federico’s case. Another similarity that is brought out in these poems is the nature that surrounds the burial of the two dignified members of society. In Whitman’s poem, nature is said to have worn a sombre mood, â€Å"nature sympathizes with America’s grief†¦as the coffin makes its long journey from Washington to Springfield.† In Federico’s poem, he also resonates with the mood that was present at the burial of the fallen bullfighter, â€Å"t he room was iridescent with agony, at five in the afternoon.† It all comes down to what the poet wants the audience to feel. The sombre mood can be felt even as the audience may not have been present at the time of the burials (Arana 169). The experience that both poets have is seen through their ability to honour the dead. Musical elements are another similarity that both poets exhibit through their elegies. In Federico’s poem, he produces the image of bones and flutes resounding in the air (Arana 189). All these are elements that bring out an eerie feeling to whoever was watching the proceedings of the death of Ignacio. In Whitman’s poem, he reflects on the virtues of the lilacs and their magnificent presence. In many of American people’s gardens, the lilacs are flowers that are well known for their delicate

Qualitative Research Report Summary & Critical Appraisal Essay

Qualitative Research Report Summary & Critical Appraisal - Essay Example The research article highlights that horizontal violence is practical within nursing placement exercises. According to Bowen, Curtis and Reid (2007), analysis of qualitative data indicates that more that 50% of the respondents have experienced, or at least witnessed this kind of violence in their practices. As a result, the article simulates appropriate and informed recommendation strategies meant to minimize the effect of horizontal violence on students undertaking bachelor of nursing degree course. Background The article states that in the context of nursing, horizontal violence refers to situations characterized by aggression or bullying within professional settings. Bowen et al., (2007) states that horizontal violence occurs between distinct groups whereby members from one superior group molest those students within work-based learning practices. Within the nursing practice, horizontal violence takes forms like intimidations, inequitable practices, and harassment among other acts of violence. Despite the shallowness of past research studies, this information indicate that nurses are in constant direct or indirect assault from professional workers, patients or even relatives of patients within a healthcare facility. In this context, the research question seeks to analyze the nature and influence of horizontal violence of career choices of nursing students after graduation. Significance of the Study One significance of the study focuses on student attrition. In career development, experience during work-based placements influence a student’s choice of employment after their graduation from universities. Bowen et al., (2007) says that in the recent past, cases of horizontal violence seems to increase job dissatisfaction; hence affecting performance within the nursing practice. In Australia, horizontal violence features as the main reason for increasing employee turnover in most nursing facilities. In the long run, increased turnover causes a severe shor tage of nurses; hence inviting a crisis within the healthcare industry. In addition, turnover presents an economic effect to education funding agencies like governments. In New Zealand, the government commits approximately $48,000 in educating one nurse through a university system. Bowen et al., (2007) agrees that from an economic perspective, it would be suitable to ensure the health care industry retains trained nurses after their integration into professional fields. In this regard, the research article in subject seeks to appraise the nature of the problem, and supplement suitable recommendations meant to address horizontal violence in nursing. Research Methodology The research article adopted a qualitative research methodology in the collection of data from actual students within the nursing career development. In this case, one characteristic feature of qualitative research method involves the use of focus groups in acquiring data. Researchers focused specifically on 2nd and 3 rd year nursing students during questionnaire sessions. Burns and Grove (2011) states that with respect to design, the article adopted a qualitative survey research through administration of questionnaires to participants. Data collected included written descriptions from the students providing their perspectives on some specified questions contained in the survey papers.

Strategic Leadership for Organizational Improvement Assignment

Strategic Leadership for Organizational Improvement - Assignment Example The good use of resources can ensure that a hospital operates effectively. To manage the resources of the hospital I would appoint an industrial engineer for the job. Investing in a good management team can make a lot of difference in the bottom line of the hospital. The most valuable asset in most organizations particularly in hospital settings is its human capital. Recruiting top talent in the medical field has become a very difficult task due to the shortage of medical professionals available in the marketplace. Today hospitals often recruit new doctors from foreign locations. A hospital that is run effectively has a higher employee retention rate because the workers achieve employee satisfaction. The industrial engineer on staff should also be in charge of the project management function at the hospital. The use of project management and logistics can help streamline a business operation. Hospitals that are able to increase the motivation and morale of the employees are able to a chieve higher levels of performance. The two statements concerning change and the involvement groups have in change are true to a certain extend. I think that groups sometimes inhibit the ability to implement change whenever subcultures are built among the members of the group. For instance in a company many social groups might form that have the ability to influence the behavior of others. Peer pressure influences the behavior of members of the group. Members of groups want the acceptance of the other members. These social interactions among groups within a company negatively impact the power hierarchy within the organization. Sometimes another member of a group has more influence over the work behavior of an employee than his boss. The second statement which says that the only effective way to implement lasting change is through involving groups can also be true depending on the circumstances. In work settings where there is a lot of inertia and friction among the workers sometime s the best way to shake things up to improve the situation is by rearranging the workers in group units. An effective group is one that achieves high levels of task performance, member satisfaction and team viability (Schermerhorn, et al.). The general manager of the hospital has to monitor the work of the different teams to ensure that social loafing does not occur within the teams. Social loafing occurs when people work less hard in teams than they would individually. The most effective size for groups is between five to seven members. The five stages of group developing that will occur in the different teams are forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. One of the critical variables that must be present in order for change to occur is for the managerial staff to have good communication with the employees. The use of technology can enhance communication in the workplace. Honest, inspiring, forward-looking, and competent are important characteristics for a leader to h ave. The characteristic out of these four that I would consider least important is inspiring. A leader has to be honest. Honesty is associated with attributes such as respect, acceptance, and prestige. A manager has to have the capability to visualize the future by forward looking. The general manager of a hospital facility should have a detail plan of the operation for at least a year. One of the aspects that should be evaluated using forward

Eaton Canyon Nature Center in California Pasadena Essay

Eaton Canyon Nature Center in California Pasadena - Essay Example Fascinating displays, live animals, offices, classrooms, an auditorium, restrooms, and an information desk/gift shop at the entrance Tourists can purchase shirts, hats, post cards, rock samples, books, hand and finger puppets, hummingbird feeders, and much more. The Mt. Wilson Toll Road and a bridge across the canyon were built for hikers and bicyclists. There are horse stables at the base of the Eaton Canyon Natural Area Nature Center, Natural Park is like a spectrum of lush green foliage through which cuts the gurgling Eaton Canyon Stream located at the base of Mt. Wilson. Although Mount Wilson is over 5,700 feet high, there is a large group of mountain peaks, which rise to more than 9,000 feet, including Mount Baldy and Mount Baden-Powell. The beautiful San Gabriel Mountains are having are having a rugged steep slopes, ridges and deep canyons. There are five miles of nature trails, an equestrian trail, creeks and a waterfall. Some of the rock types found at this place has been dated at well over two billion years old. Thanks to Kate Lain for her research a lot of history is known now about the place. Eaton Canyon originally called "El Precipicio" by the Spanish settlers because of its steep gorges; it is now named after Judge Benjamin Eaton, who built the first Fair Oaks Ranch House in 1865 not far from Eaton Creek. Judge Eaton was the first to use irrigation from the creek to grow grapes on the slopes. In the year1912, summer cabin sites in the Angeles National Forest are made available for lease to the public; later cabins are built on the Eaton Canyon Tract in upper Eaton Canyon .The Canyon was nearly completely burned in the 1993 fire. Afterward, the vegetation in the Canyon was seeded again. Biotic communities Botanically, Eaton Canyon is interesting natural place and imbibes very lush and has beautiful displays of local flora and fauna. It is naturally rich in plants due to thePage 3 usually abundant water and wide wash. The vegetation in the canyon depends on the low water flows and groundwater. There are more than fifty species of plants and wide variety of animals in the canyon. Poison oak is one of the more common plants in the park. Numerous reptiles, amphibians and fish are found in the park. Twenty types of mammals, including mule deer, bobcats, coyote, fox and mountain lion, over one hundred fifty species of birds, including hawks, vultures, owls, heron, pelican and eagles are in this natural park. Some birds and lizards hide in underground burrows, under rocks, in trees, are fairly easy to spot by the visitors. This flora are also scattered outside the planted areas of Eaton Canyon, which includes the area around the Nature Center. Most taxas are found in Lower Eaton Canyon, from Eaton Canyon Park north to