The 7 Most Important Eminent Domain Cases

The 7 Most Important Eminent Domain Cases Eminent domain is the act of taking private property for public use. Enumerated in the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, it gives states and the federal government the right to seize property for public use in exchange for just compensation (based on fair market value for a piece of land). The concept of eminent domain is connected to the functionality of the government, because the government needs to acquire property for infrastructure and services like public schools, public utilities, parks, and transit operations. Seven key court cases throughout the 19th and 20th centuries allowed the judiciary to define eminent domain. Most eminent domain challenges focus on whether the lands were taken for a purpose that qualifies as â€Å"public use† and whether the compensation provided was â€Å"just. Kohl v. United States Kohl v. United States (1875) was the first Supreme Court case to assess the federal government’s eminent domain powers. The federal government seized a portion of the petitioner’s lands without compensation for the purpose of building a post office, customs office, and other government facilities in Cincinnati, Ohio. The petitioners alleged that the court did not have jurisdiction, the government could not acquire the land without proper legislation, and that the government should accept an independent assessment of the value of the land before compensating. In a decision delivered by Justice Strong, the court ruled in favor of the government. According to the majority opinion, eminent domain is a core and essential power afforded to the government through the Constitution. The government may develop legislation to further define eminent domain, but the legislation is not required in order to the use of the power. In the majority opinion, Justice Strong wrote: â€Å"If the right of eminent domain exists in the federal government, it is a right which may be exercised within the states, so far as is necessary to the enjoyment of the powers conferred upon it by the Constitution.† United States v. Gettysburg Electric Railroad Company In United States v. Gettysburg Electric Railroad Company (1896), Congress used eminent domain to condemn the Gettysburg Battlefield in Pennsylvania. The Gettysburg Railroad Company, who owned land in the condemned area, sued the government, alleging that the condemnation violated their Fifth Amendment right. The majority ruled that as long as the railroad company was paid fair market value for the land, the condemnation was lawful. In terms of public use, Justice Peckham, on behalf of the majority wrote, â€Å"No narrow view of the character of this proposed use should be taken. Its national character and importance, we think, are plain.† Furthermore, the court held that the amount of land needed in any eminent domain seizure is for the legislature to determine, not the court. Chicago, Burlington Quincy Railroad Co. v. City of Chicago Chicago, Burlington Quincy Railroad Co. v. City of Chicago (1897) incorporated the Fifth Amendment takings clause using the Fourteenth Amendment. Prior to this case, states had used eminent domain powers un-regulated by the Fifth Amendment. This means that states may have seized property for public use without just compensation. In the 1890s, the city of Chicago aimed to connect a stretch of road, even though it meant cutting through private property. The city condemned the land through a court petition and paid just compensation to the property owners. Quincy Railroad Corporation owned part of the condemned land and was awarded one dollar for the taking. The railroad appealed the judgment. In a 7-1 decision delivered by Justice Harlan, the court ruled that the state could take land under eminent domain if the original owners were awarded just compensation. The taking of the Railroad Company’s land had not deprived the company of its use. The street only bisected the railroad tracts and did not cause the tracts to be removed. Therefore, one dollar was just compensation for the taking. Berman v. Parker In 1945, Congress established the District of Columbia Redevelopment Land Agency to authorize the seizure of â€Å"blighted† housing districts for rebuilding. Berman owned a department store in the area slated for redevelopment and did not want his property to be seized along with the â€Å"blighted† area. In Berman v. Parker (1954), Berman sued on the basis that the District of Columbia Redevelopment Act  and its seizure of his land violated his right to due process. In a unanimous decision delivered by Justice Douglas, the court found that the seizure of Berman’s property was not a violation of his Fifth Amendment right. The Fifth Amendment does not specify what the land must be used for outside of â€Å"public use. Congress has the power to decide what this use might be and the goal of turning the land into housing, specifically low-income housing, fit the general definition of the takings clause. The majority opinion by Justice Douglas read: â€Å"Once the question of the public purpose has been decided, the amount and character of land to be taken for the project and the need for a particular tract to complete the integrated plan rests in the discretion of the legislative branch.† Penn Central Transportation v. New York City Penn Central Transportation v. New York City (1978) asked the court to decide whether a Landmark Preservation Law, which restricted Penn Station from building a 50-story building above it, was constitutional. Penn Station argued that preventing the construction of the building amounted to an illegal taking of the airspace by the City of New York, violating the Fifth Amendment. The court ruled in a 6-3 decision that the Landmarks Law was not a violation of the Fifth Amendment because restricting the construction of a 50-story building did not constitute a taking of the airspace. The Landmarks Law was more closely related to a zoning ordinance than eminent domain, and New York had a right to restrict construction in the public interest of protecting the â€Å"general welfare† of the surrounding area. Penn Central Transportation could not prove that New York had meaningfully â€Å"taken† the property simply because they had lowered the economic capacity and interfered with the property rights. Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff Hawaii’s Land Reform Act of 1967 sought to tackle the issue of unequal land ownership on the island. Only 72 private landowners possessed 47 percent of the land. Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff (1984) asked the court to determine whether the state of Hawaii could enact a law that would use eminent domain to take lands from lessors (property owners) and redistribute them to lessees (property renters). In a 7-1 decision, the court ruled that the Land Reform Act was constitutional. Hawaii sought to use eminent domain to prevent a concentration of private ownership, a purpose generally associated with good democratic governance. Additionally, the state legislature has just as much power to make this determination as Congress. The fact that the property was transferred from one private party to another did not defeat the public nature of the exchange. Kelo v. City of New London In Kelo v. City of New London (2005), the plaintiff, Kelo, sued the city of New London, Connecticut for seizing her property under eminent domain and transferring it to New London Development Corporation. Susette Kelo, along with other property owners in the area, had refused to sell their private property, and the city had condemned it to force the owners to accept just compensation. Kelo alleged that the seizure of her property was a violation of the â€Å"public use† element of the Fifth Amendment takings clause because the land would be used for economic development which is not solely public. Kelo’s property was not â€Å"blighted† and it would be transferred to a private firm for economic development. In a 5-4 decision delivered by Justice Stevens, the Court upheld aspects of its ruling in Berman v. Parker and Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff. Redistributing the land was part of a detailed economic plan. The court ruled that this plan constituted a public use. Even though the transfer of land was from one private party to another, the goal of that transfer – economic development – served a definitive public purpose. In this case, the court further defined â€Å"public use† by explaining that it was not confined to literal usage by the public. Public use could mean public benefit or general welfare. Sources Kohl v. United States, 91 U.S. 367 (1875).Kelo v. New London, 545 U.S. 469 (2005).United States v. Gettysburg Elec. Ry. Co., 160 U.S. 668 (1896).Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City, 438 U.S. 104 (1978).Hawaii Housing Auth. v. Midkiff, 467 U.S. 229 (1984).Berman v. Parker, 348 U.S. 26 (1954).Chicago, B. Q. R. Co. v. Chicago, 166 U.S. 226 (1897).Somin, Ilya. â€Å"The Story behind Kelo v. City of New London.†Ã‚  The Washington Post, The Washington Post, 29 May 2015, www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/05/29/the-story-behind-the-kelo-case-how-an-obscure-takings-case-came-to-shock-the-conscience-of-the-nation/?utm_term.c6ecd7fb2fce.â€Å"History of the Federal Use of Eminent Domain.†Ã‚  The United States Department of Justice, 15 May 2015, www.justice.gov/enrd/history-federal-use-eminent-domain.â€Å"Constitutional Law. Federal Power of Eminent Domain.†Ã‚  The University of Chicago Law Review, vol. 7, no. 1, 1939, pp. 166–169.  JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1596535.â€Å"Annotation 14 - Fifth Amendment.†Ã‚  Findlaw, constitution.findlaw.com/amendment5/annotation14.html#f170.

On-tap Inspiration Online

On-tap Inspiration Online On-tap Inspiration Online On-tap Inspiration Online By Ali Hale Do you ever find that you have an hour or two free to write, but you just can’t get inspired? Whether you want a compelling idea for your next short story, a topic for your blog or a starting prompt for a poem, your brain just seems to be blank. If only there were some way to get inspiration on-tap†¦ Thankfully there is! It’s called the Internet, and it’s jam-packed with ways to find your next great idea†¦ Twistori Twistori finds Twitter feeds which contain certain words: love, hate, think, believe, feel and wish. To use it, just click on one of the words on the left-hand side, then watch text stream up your screen. If you click rapidly on several words, you can come up with some brilliant juxtapositions – often, putting together two very different thoughts can result in a great piece of writing. These are just some of the lines I saw. Any of these spark off some (maybe slightly crazy) ideas? I think Im inheriting a cat tomorrow I feel like Im riding my exercise bike to nowhere. Why cant I get frequent rider miles and fly to Italy with them? I can tell its already going to be a crazy super long week. I wish I could duplicate myself!! I hate birthdays and i hate signing cards and celebrating them at work. Imagination prompt generator The Imagination prompt generator gives you a random prompt every time you click. Good for non-fiction writers, especially personal essayists. Just click on the ‘Next prompt’ button. If you find writing on one prompt two easy, pick two to combine in the same piece. Here’s a few it came up with for me, and my thoughts on how they could be used. â€Å"List five books that youve read this year.† – If you’re a blogger, pick books on your topic and write a review of them for your blog. â€Å"Without my life partner, Id† – This would be a personal, reflective piece, perhaps something for your journal. It could even be suitable to send to a magazine. â€Å"Can you live without electricity for a month?† – Questions like this one could lead to an article on how dependant we are on electricity, or even a piece of fiction about a TV-and-computer-addicted teenager being taken on a very â€Å"low-tech† family holiday†¦ Random Word Generator combined with Flickr Open these two sites in different tabs or browser windows. The Random Word Generator will give you a word – and Flickr will find you an image. Get your word by hitting ‘New Word’ (it’s easiest to use nouns, but other types of word can yield interesting results.) Then type that word into the search box on Flickr. Pick one of the images that comes up – to get the best of the lot, sort by ‘Most interesting’. Don’t spend too long choosing your image, just pick one, click on the thumbnail in the search results to see the big version, and gaze at it for a while. This could yield ideas for a poem, story, article, even a letter or journal entry. We Feel Fine We Feel Fine asks the question â€Å"What are you feeling?† and finds answers from thousands of blogs. It is a rich source of emotions and ideas, and lots of fun to play with. Give it a minute to load, then click on one of the floating coloured blobs. (You can also change mode to ‘Murmurs’ to see a list of streaming text – try out the different options in the bottom left corner.) You’ll get thoughts like these: â€Å"i sometimes tend to dwell on not having the life i wish i had and then i hear stories like these and it makes me very grateful for everything i have† – This could be a great starting point for a blog post on gratitude, or perhaps for a story where a character undergoes a complete shift in their state of mind when they learn about someone else’s troubles. ‘i feel like for the first time my outlook on life has vastly improved’ – This raises a lot of questions: why has the speaker’s outlook improved? How were things different before? This could make a good start – or even a whole theme – for a story. ‘i don’t feel too guilty about it because i don’t cook breakfast for people who don’t get out of bed before nine thirty’ – You could take this in several directions; perhaps a short story about a mother exasperated with her layabout teenagers, an article about sleeping habits and waking-up times, or a blog post on how to become an early riser (though that topic’s been fairly well covered.) What are your favourite sites for online inspiration? Those are just a few sites that I love, and I’m sure there’s dozens of great ones I’ve not even discovered yet. Share your favourites in the comments below (and if you’re willing, let us know what they’ve inspired you to write!) Or if you try out one of the above sites, tell us what you come up with†¦ Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing LightThe Parts of a WordPresent Participle as Adjective

Motivation and Self -Regulation in Learning Annotated Bibliography

Motivation and Self -Regulation in Learning - Annotated Bibliography Example Self-regulatory processes can only work if the students have the ability to organize themselves and stick to it with great determination and will power. The problem statement pertains to the high school, grades 9 and 10. Their students were totally unorganized. They were living aimless life. Their plans about their studies were nebulous. Everyday they came to school and went back to their home. Bur there were no targets defined. The problems which was identified there were as follows. The major problem that students encountered was that they did not set their goals correctly. They didn't weight the time factor in enough. Procrastination was a huge issue. They seemed to think they had all the time in the world and kept putting what they had to do off until the last minute. This might also be due to distractions such as the television or friends. No matter what the reason their goals remained unachieved. Sometimes students did weight the time factor in and when they realized that their goals might take a very long time to achieve, they refused to set such goals. Another problem faced while setting goal was that sometimes students did not conceptualize their goal completely. ... It has been proven that students that have clear, specific goals develop higher self-efficacy and perform better than children with more general goals, such as "work harder this year" Lack of Proximity Projection period of goals is very important. It was observed that students were involved in setting long-term goals rather than short-term goals. As a result they skipped their present requirements and did not bother about there present. They were incapable in prioritize their tasks. In the hope of better future they were spoiling their present because future is always based on present. The Proposed Solution Settlement and assessment of Goals For those students who have a do not have the confidence it takes to have faith in their own abilities, setting goals can lead to positive outcomes as the achievement of these goals influence students' task persistence and problem-solving efforts. Research has proved that for self-regulation to be truly effective students need to have goals and keep assessing their goals and how close they are to achieve their goals. In order to solve above problem, Students were encouraged and helped to set their goals correctly. This activity motivated them to exert efforts, which were required to accomplish their tasks. Defining goals made a remarkable change in the students. They were dedicatedly involved in their tasks. They were more concerned to the results and adopted qualitative and quantitative methods to complete the activities. As students worked on a task they compared their current performance with the goal. Self-evaluations of progress strengthen self-efficacy and sustain motivation. T here

Nursing Perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing Perspective - Essay Example The case study primarily deals with the ethical perspective of nursing where a nurse is taking caring of a 26 week old infant, who is on a ventilator in a critical condition. The mother of the infant has confessed to using crack cocaine as a means of inducing labor and has come back from smoke break to see and hold the baby. As a nurse, working in the neo-natal intensive care unit, she is at a dilemma because she knows that it is morally wrong to deprive the mother of even looking and holding her baby. But, looking from the nursing perspective, there are various nursing considerations and legal aspects that need to be identified so that issue can be resolved efficiently, within the parameters of ethically correct actions.   As per the code of ethics of the nursing, the provision 1 clearly demonstrates that the nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient and his welfare. In the present case, she must ensure the welfare of the infant (nursing code of ethics). As the mother ha s just been released under smoke break, she is not in the best of health and any contact howsoever, may have adverse impact on the welfare of the infant who is under intensive care.

The Impact Of Global Climate Change On The U.S Market Essay Example for Free

The Impact Of Global Climate Change On The U.S Market Essay â€Å"In the history of science, no subject has been as meticulously reviewed and debated as global warming† (Weart, Spencer cited in Doughton, Sandi 2005). Yes, it is true that climate change, commonly referred to in literatures as Global Warming has grown from an environmental issue, to moral and ethical one. Today, with the debate over the issue is continuously being placed on headlines in broadcast and print media, climate change heats up to a serious political issue and then as an inevitable economic issue. Due to economic considerations, the United States, with President Bush refused to sign in the Kyoto Treaty which compels signatory countries to reduce carbon dioxide emission. For Bush, to sign in the treaty would mean compromising the United States economy due to the fact that the compliance requirements will be too expensive and that it would â€Å"hobble the economy† (Lynch, David 2006). Europe and Japan have already adopted the Kyoto Treaty in 1997. Despite Bush’ stand on the issue of global warming, economists and business analysts have positively pointed to the benefits of climate change to the world’s economy and indeed agreed that climate change has indeed provided a sound business opportunity for specific industries. Lynch, in the March 31, 2006 online issue of the USA Today, has cited several companies that recognized the business opportunity offered by the issue on global warming. Planktos is a small Silicon Valley company developed a business idea of selling its carbon-eating phytoplankton to countries in Europe which have plans of cutting down the carbon-dioxide emission. In 2005, the company had initially made a sale of $1.3 million to Solar Energy Ltd., based in Vancouver despite the fact that the product was still at the testing stage (Taylor, Chris, 2006). Another well-established company, the General Electric Company, has also recognized the huge business opportunity for signing up in the Kyoto Treaty. GE adopted a project called â€Å"Ecomagination Initiative† which focused on developing and producing environment-friendly technologies that it sees will make a sound market share for them. As early as 1988, DuPont started to stop making use of chlorofluorocarbons in their products and had reduced its carbon dioxide emission by 72% by the year 2003. What started as an effort to address our carbon footprint has turned out to be financially a very good thing (Fisher, Linda cited in Lynch, David 2006). One more thing that has improved in today’s view of climate change is that more and more private companies have recognized the truth of global warming and that there really is the need to take action at the most immediate time possible. Lynch reported that there are already forty companies who are joining business council organized by the Pew Center on Global Climate Change, among them are IBM, Whirlpool, John Hancock and Boeing. These companies did not seem to make a significant appeal to the United States economy which currently has not so far started taking economic steps to encourage the business community to curtail or at least curb their carbon dioxide emissions. The United States government might have good reasons to do so. Setting aside examples taken by European companies, government and private U.S. sector made estimates that Kyoto Treaty would cost its economy about $125 billion to $400 billion out of its $13 trillion annual cost (The USA Today, March 31, 2007). On the issue of economic impact of climate change, the United States got an ally in the person of Sir Nicholas Stern, a former World Bank Economist. Stern estimates that at the worst case scenario, â€Å"Global warming could cut the worlds annual economic output by as much as 20%† or at least 1% of the annual economic output (BBC News, October 27, 2006).   Mercer Investment Consulting survey resulted to a 44% institutional investors agreeing that climate change is very important or somewhat important in economic terms, while 14% said it would take five years more before the issue becomes significant (The USA Today, March 31, 2007). Looking back at the issue, climate change has divided even the scientific community, the climatologists in particular, into believers and skeptics. Do the Kyoto signatories belong to the believers’ side and the United States on the skeptics’ side? What is the truth behind the issue of global warming? What is in it that made it so controversial even in the field of science? According to recent results of Time, ABC and Standard polls, the Americans 85% believe that global warming is true and is happening right now (Taylor, Chris 2006). However, in the science world, results of surveys relative to the issue generally implies that the scientific community recognizes that there the world’s climate is changing and is warming. Skepticism is however a normal part of the scientific community. â€Å"Skepticism plays an essential role in scientific research, and, far from trying to silence skeptics, science invites their contributions. So too, the global warming debate benefits from traditional scientific skepticism† (Hansen, James 1999). So when skeptics are persistent on denying the threat of global warming while others agreed, the scientific community expects it. . â€Å"Such challenges eventually strengthen our understanding of the subject, but it is a never-ending process, as answers raise more questions to be pursued in order to further refine our knowledge†, said Hansen. One well-known researcher at the University of California, Naomi Oreskes found that there is bias on the part of the skeptics especially on the issue of global warming. â€Å"Few skeptics publish in peer-reviewed journals, which check for accuracy and omissions† (Oreskes, Naomi cited in Doughton, Sandi 2005). Doughton also stressed that most skeptics get government funding for their researches which also affect the objectivity of their research results. Regardless of the presence of the skeptics, there are evidences that climate change is real and that the scientific community recognizes its occurrence and serious threat. Oreskes of the University of California found that out that 1,000 studies published between 1993 and 2003, randomly selected by Oreskes, all point to the same conclusion that people are warming the planet (Doughton, Sandi 2005). The skeptics offer alternative causes of climate change, such as natural forces that mitigate the effects of greenhouse gases, although Doughton stressed that they were not so far able to explain these well. The Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC), a body of reputation established by the United Nations in 1988, finally have released its official stand on the issue in 2001:   There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities (The Seattle Times, October 11, 2005).   The IPCC reviews scientific reports every five years by 2,000 scientists, by the governments of every member country and the United States is not exempted. In 2006, the United States National Center for Policy Analysis released its official statement relative to its position in the 1992 UN Global Warming Treaty held at Rio de Janeiro, which calls for the voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction of member countries. NCPA made a cost analysis of the economic impact of the said treaty to the US economy and were summarized as follows (National Center for Policy Analysis, No. 213, September 6, 1996): Commitment to greenhouse gas emission reduction would consequently reduce US’ Gross Domestic Product y $200 billion annually. It is important to stress that the computation was based only on 10% greenhouse gas emission reduction rate based on 1990 records. The treaty would force the government to increase prices of gas by 60 cents per gallon in order to cover for the 10% reduction quota. The same also requires the government to double the price of heating oil (Burnett, Sterling 1996). The 1992 Rio commitment would cause half million Americans to lose their jobs in the next 14 years, according to the study conducted by DRI/McGraw Hill. In a separate study conducted by Constad Research Inc., 1992 Rio commitment would cause the United States to close 1.6 million job opportunities in nine years of its implementation. The above statements were made and released during the administration of Bill Clinton, who favors the Rio commitment. These could have been the same basis used by Bush who, unlike Clinton, opposed the updated version Kyoto Treaty. Even as UN member country, Bush has not yet signed into the treaty to cooperate with Japan and Europe on the effort of halting the effects of climate change. Let us consider that the technological changes in the United States economy would be expensive when it finally decided to make commitment to the Kyoto Treaty. Let us also assume that the cost analysis of the skeptics is accurate. But still, this writer believes that the cost of inaction would overturn the cost expensive cost of taking action for the US economy. This is based on the study prudently conducted by the University of Maryland, of which the results were summarized in Five Lessons as follows: Lesson 1: Economic Impacts Will Occur throughout the Country- All sectors of the economy will be negatively affected by climate change especially the agriculture, energy and transportation sectors.   The University of Maryland cited examples of forest fires which is blamed to global warming, cost California (Oakland, 1991) and the counties of San Diego and San Bernardino in 2003 over $2 billion damages. In 1997, floods in North Dakota and the Midwest in 1993 cost $1 billion and $6-8 billion in agricultural losses respectively (University of Maryland, p.3). Lesson 2: Economic Impacts Will Be Unevenly Distributed across Regions and Economic and Social Sectors – the study calculated that the maple sugar industry in the Northeast will suffer 15%-40% of revenue losses due to reduced sap flow. The dairy industry in California will suffer about $287-$982 million losses due to changes in temperature. Changes in temperature are also seen as one significant cause of the spread of pests and disease (University of Maryland, p.4). The adverse effects of the spread of spruce bark beetle which struck Alaska costs $332 million annual loss in its timber industry. Lesson 3: Negative Climate Impacts Will Outweigh Benefits for Most Economic Sectors – New York’s agricultural industry for example would be severely affected by the severe shortage of water supply especially in dry seasons wherein the Central Valley of the said state depends on their economic resources. Climate change would then expect to result in $6 billion losses. On the other hand, Texas will suffer losses up to $6.5 billion in 2030 and $10.13 billion in 2090 (University of Maryland, p.5). Lesson 4: Climate Change Will Place Immense Strain on Public Sector Budgets- due to the damages of frequent flooding and storms, the government would naturally be forced to allocate more funds for the rehabilitation of the damaged properties. Aside from this, the budget allocated for disasters or that part of the budget called calamity fund will necessarily increase as there will be more people to be rescued and relocated to safer areas. According to the calculation of the study, rise in sea levels by 20 inches in the year 2100 would require the federal government to allocate $23-$170 billion for damages in coastal properties. Increased global warming is also estimated by researchers to cost Washington State about 50% increase in fire-suppression in 2020 and over 100% increase by 2040 (p.6). Lesson 5: Secondary Effects Can Include Higher Prices, Reduced Income, Job Loss – damages in the agricultural sector would normally increase the prices of its products and therefore would be too heavy for consumers to carry. Reduced income in climate affected sectors, for example in the timber industry, in the aquaculture sector, in the amusement centers (beach resorts) would force investors and business owners to cut down on their expenses and so their employees too. More people will the lose their jobs as more and more economic sectors will be affected by the damages brought about by calamities attributable to global warming. Let us weigh things objectively. We have seen that both taking action and of non taking action would cost the United States economy significant amount of dollars. But we have seen the evidences that the cost of not taking action surpasses the costs should the US economy take action now. Technological changes to cope up with the Kyoto commitment quota are one-time investment efforts that will save millions, maybe billions of lives and trillions of properties and future revenues. The truth of the occurrence of global warming has already been well-established as well as the evidences of its adverse effects to different sectors of our society. If the US government is concerned about its economy for hesitating to sign in the Kyoto Treaty, they should seriously consider the economic opportunities taken by European companies as well as the Japanese nation over the issue.    WORKS CITED    Burnett, Sterling H (1996). US National Center for Policy Analysis. â€Å"Global Warming Treaty Costs for the U. S. Brief Analysis No. 213†. September 6, 1996. Retrieved on November 24, 2007 from http://www.ncpa.org/ba/ba213.html Doughton, Sandi (2005). â€Å"The Truth about Global Warming†. The Seattle Times, October 11, 2005. Retrieved on November 24, 2007 from http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002549346_globewarm11.html â€Å"Global Warming Threat to Growth†. BBC News, October 27, 2006. Retrieved on November 24, 2007 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6093396.stm Hansen, James (1999). â€Å"The Global Warming Debate†. Retrieved on November 24, 2007 from http://www.giss.nasa.gov/edu/gwdebate/ Lynch, David (2006). â€Å"Corporate America warms to fight against global warming† .The USA Today, May 31, 2006. Retrieved on November 24, 2007 from http://www.usatoday.com/weather/climate/2006-05-31-business-globalwarming_x.htm Taylor, Chris (2006). â€Å"Why global warming is good for business†. CNN News Online, April 17, 2006. Retrieved on November 24, 2007 from http://money.cnn.com/2006/04/13/technology/business2_futureboy0413/index.htm University of Maryland (2007). â€Å"The US Economic Impacts of Climate Change and the Costs of Inaction†. A Review and Assessment by the Center for Integrative Environmental Research (CIER). October 2007. pp.1-7

Aesthetics Essay -- Art

Aesthetics Kant defined aesthetic as both, â€Å"the analysis of taste and the analysis of sensible cognition or intuition† . Aesthesis, means â€Å"sensation†, the Greeks made a distinction between aesthesis autophues (natural sensation) and aesthesis epistemonike (acquired sensation). We may say that aesthetics is both the study of aesthetic objects and of the specific and subjective reactions of observers, readers, or audiences to the work of art. Aesthetics is necessarily interdisciplinary and may be interpretive, prescriptive, descriptive, or a combination of these. The big, obvious question about aesthetic value is whether it is ever ‘really in’ the objects it is attributed to. This issue parallels the realism/anti-realism debates elsewhere in philosophy. Though there is little reason to assume that aesthetic value will behave in just the say way as for example, moral value. An extreme realist would say that aesthetic values reside in an object as properties independent of any observer’s responses, and that if we make the judgment ‘That is a beautiful flower’, or ‘this painting is aesthetically good’, what we say is true or false – true if the flower or painting has the property, false if it does not. We will tend to like the object if we recognize the aesthetic value in it, but, for the realist, whether we recognize it and whether it is are two separate questions. Consequently, much work in aesthetics has gone into trying to specify the nature of aesthetic experience or aesthetic response. One factor is pleasure, satisfaction, or liking. The second is experience: the response we are looking for must be a way of attending to the object itself. In the case of music, it must be a response to perceived patterns of s... ...bility, however, so that a new question emerges: The music all by itself somehow seems to point to, or stand for emotions – how? Aesthetics has yet to come to terms with this issue. There is a similar pattern in the case of artistic representation. In the question of what a picture depicts, what role is played by the artist’s intentions, and what by the interpretations which an observer may conjure up? Or does the painting itself have a meaning by standing in symbolic relations to items in the world? If the latter, how similar, and how dissimilar are depiction and linguistic representation?. Once one starts to address problems at this level, the philosophy of art starts to concern the nature of philosophy as a whole. Work Cited Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Judgement. Trans. J. H. Bernard. Hafner Library of Classics. New York: Hafner Press-Macmillan, 1951.

Charles Dickens Essay

Belle says: â€Å"Our contract is an old one. It was made when we were both poor and content to be so†¦ † Dickens shows that they were content when they were poor. â€Å"You are changed. When it was made you were another man. † Dickens shows that since Scrooge has got wealthy he has changed. Dickens uses Italics on â€Å"are† to show that Belle is very certain that Scrooge has changed. Belle continues saying that Scrooge has changed and also that he was different when he was poor. Dickens uses this to show Scrooge how he has changed and that he was different before. Belle also says: â€Å"But if you were free today†¦ Can even I believe that you would choose a dowerless girl-you who in your very confidence with her, weigh everything by Gain†¦ † Dickens uses this sentence to show that Scrooge would not be with Belle if she wasn’t rich. Belle then says, â€Å"A very, very brief time, and you will dismiss the recollection of it gladly, as an unprofitable dream†¦ † This implies that because this event isn’t profitable, Scrooge will forget about it quickly and â€Å"†¦ From which it happened well that you awoke. † Implies that he thinks it is good that he can forget about it leave it without any loss. The second incident involves 3 people trading Scrooges belongings after he is dead in the 4 stave. Firstly Dickens describes the narrow, haunted streets that the ghost takes Scrooge by using adjectives such as, â€Å"Naked, drunken, slipshod, ugly. † Dickens uses many adjectives at a time throughout this book to help better describe the scene. He is persuading the reader that where the ghost and Scrooge are visiting isn’t pleasant. Dickens describes the shop as, â€Å"†¦ Den of, infamous resort, there was a lowbrowed, beetling shop below a penthouse roof, where iron, old rags, bottles, bones, and greasy offal were bought. † Objects in which we would not really want to purchase and these objects imply hideousness into the scene. Dickens keeps the reader guessing because the conversation the three people are having starts off by not telling too much information and shows that this affair is frequent in occurrence. The woman gives a clue to the reader by saying, â€Å"That’s enough. Who’s the worse for the loss of a few things like these? Not a dead man, I suppose? † Immediately the reader figures out that these people are talking about a dead man. The woman describes the dead man as a â€Å"Wicked old screw†. The reader gets a little bit more information on who the dead man is and dickens uses these techniques to keep the reader guessing. The people are sarcastic and cold; these features make the reader despise these people. The woman says something that provokes scrooge into thinking that they could be talking about him, â€Å"This is the end of it, you see! He frightened everyone away from him when he was alive, to profit us when he was dead! † There is irony here because it shows all the money Scrooge greedily gathered was of no purpose or use because he is dead. Scrooge starts to realize that they could be talking about him. My third incident is where the ghost takes Scrooge to the graveyard and shown his own tombstone, this incident is also in the fourth stave. Dickens starts describing the graveyard by calling it â€Å"A worthy place† which is ironic because this graveyard is not looked after and is a place where people are buried and then forgotten. Dickens carries on describing it: â€Å"Walled in by houses; choked up with too much burying; fat with repleted appetite. A worthy place. † Again Dickens describes it as â€Å"A worthy place† and describing the graveyard as an unvisited place. Dickens shows that Scrooge wasn’t looked after well and just forgotten after he died. Dickens starts to create tension: â€Å"Scrooge crept towards it, trembling†¦ † The reader is caught up in the tension reading on to find out who’s name is on the tombstone. Dickens still describes everything: â€Å"†¦ Neglected grave†¦ † Suddenly Scrooge realizes everything and is showing despair: † ‘Am I that man who lay upon the bed? ‘ he cried upon his knees. † He is desperate and shocks the ghost: â€Å"Tight clutching at it’s robe† Scrooge begins to show signs of change and declares: â€Å"I will honour Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all the year. I will live in the Past, the Present, and the Future. † Dickens uses language brilliantly by Scrooge saying that he â€Å"Will honour†¦ † and also that he â€Å"Will live†¦ † He is making a strong statement that he will change. In a desperate plea he asks the Ghost, â€Å"Oh, tell me I may sponge away the writing on this stone! † Dickens still is creating tension and is further showing Scrooges anxiety: â€Å"In his agony†¦ † Dickens creates a tension cliffhanger and leaves the reader guessing and wondering, has Scrooge been saved? In my conclusion this novel is a masterpiece in which Charles Dickens creates a simple story that is easy to understand and follow. Dickens uses many adjectives in one go to best describe an object. He creates a great amount of tension in this book and manages to keep the story warm and exciting. His clever use of language ensures the reader is always kept guessing but interested.

Book and National Bookstore Essay

Goodwill bookstore is a 100 percent Filipino firm and is one of the Philippines’ first, having started in 1938, and currently one of its largest bookstores. For several decades now, Goodwill Bookstores has been consistently in the Philippines’ top 1000 corporations currently servicing over 5,000 regular outlets all over the country. Goodwill Bookstores lead all other bookstores especially in the field of medicine offering such books as Harper’s Biochemistry, Ganong Medical Physiology and Robbin’s Pathological Basis of Disease. Goodwill is the exclusive Philippine distributor of big foreign publishers such as Appleton and Lange, McGraw-Hill Book Co. , Lippincott-Raven. Although, there are a lot of bookstores in the Philippines like Merriam-Webster Bookstore, Goodwill Bookstore, and some other minor bookstores and booksale stores, National Bookstore will stand out. National Bookstore is the largest chain of bookstore in the country and one of the oldest. It was established in the 1930’s in Manila. The bookstore did not start as big as it is now. It is only a small stall selling textbooks and school supplies in the street of Escolta, Manila. The bookstore was destroyed twice, first, when the whole of Escolta was burned down during the Japanese era, and the second was caused by a typhoon in 1948. The most famous bookstore in the Philippines and also the largest with 92 branches and still growing. It is located mostly on shopping malls. They also sell school and office supplies. They also sell books online and delivery services. The bookstore called Bestsellers is also owned by NBS while National Bookstore is the largest bookstore chain in the Philippines with 92 branches in the country. It was set to open its first overseas branch, in Hong Kong, in September 2007. Through the hard work and powerful leadership of Socorro Cancio-Ramos and the late Jose Ramos with their family, the company has evolved from its humble beginnings into the biggest and strongest bookstore chain in the Philippines. 1. Over sixty five years of focused energy has brought National Book Store to where it is now: the pinnacle of the bookstore industry in the Philippines. More than that, the National Book Store family takes pride in its role as an institution that supports education and enhances lives by providing the best and widest selection of educational, professional, and social communication products. The values that took Mr. and Mrs. Ramos through adversity—hard work, shrewd business skills and a strong sense of social responsibility—remain the driving force for the whole Ramos family, their 2,500 employees in over 120 branches, and will keep National Book Store ahead in the next century. While fully bookstore our A2 Economics revision workshop at Fulham Broadway on Tuesday 30 November 2010 is now fully booked. Too many businesses mindlessly and lazily copy the market leader and each other, creating a blur of homogeneous, me-too offerings. That is why most businesses fail, because they are not able to stand out from the overcrowded marketplace. In this book, the authors share highly successful and practical strategies that they and other thriving entrepreneurs have used to great success. The book is co-written by Thomas Fernandez, Chairman and CEO of one of Singapore’s largest and most successful pests Control Company, and Sant Qiu, a highly sought-after Profit Strategist who has helped his clients radically increase their profits within a matter of months. Most other business books are either filled with complex textbook theories or inspirational success stories without revealing the truly critical information of how they actually did it. That’s where Secrets to Dominate Your Niche is different. It provides specific powerful differentiation strategies that the reader can immediately apply in their business today. These are supplemented with highly entertaining real-life case studies drawn from both authors’ experiences, keen observations of the behavior of the marketplace and actual big name entrepreneurs who have achieved success in their respective niches. For instance, in page 235 of the book Thomas reveals how he clinched a coveted major contract with a well-known 5-star hotel in Singapore, his company’s first major client, in spite of being the â€Å"unproven† newcomer in the pest control industry. He did this by using one of the strategies detailed in the book — offering a gutsy guarantee. The book also tells the reader how they can use this strategy in several different ways. And if the reader has the guts to put all the strategies to good use in their business, then one of the not-to-be-missed chapters shows you how to pit yourself against the market leader in your industry and come out tops. In the chapter Differentiate By Polarity Positioning, the authors explains why picking a fierce fight against the biggest competitor can be a smart move to quickly gain market share and establish your brand. (Hint: this is what made Apple Inc extremely successful.) The book contains specific, sometimes contrarian and radical strategies of how a business can differentiate itself in many ways, such as being a leader, being a specialist and even by charging premium prices. The authors show that these strategies really work in the real business world by citing proven examples of how these have been used successfully by other entrepreneurs as well. What’s most refreshing is the fact that they unselfishly share these â€Å"niche domination secrets† in detail and break them down into easy-to-follow steps. Readers will also find nuggets of business wisdom in the form of Success Keys in the second chapter, which details ways to develop the right entrepreneurial mindset to succeed; as well as management and R&D tips to grow their company in the last two chapters. Any businessman or aspiring entrepreneur would certainly benefit from these insightful â€Å"secrets† to gain market share and increase their profits. It is no wonder that well-known local entrepreneurs like Elim Chew, Douglas Foo, Adam Khoo and Lawrence Leow enthusiastically endorse this book. Even educators from prominent institutions such as SMU, Cornell-Nanyang Institute of Hospitality Management and Singapore Polytechnic have given the book rave reviews. It has even garnered international praise from business gurus such as Brain Tracy and Michael Weissman. They have hailed it as â€Å"a must read not only for entrepreneurs but for leaders of organisations† that will become â€Å"a bookshelf reference in our libraries†. Powerbooks opened its pages to the public on August 16, 1996. Amidst the drab and routine of ordinary bookstores, Powerbooks merged the passion of a literary salon and the sensibilities of a good bookstore. It provided ardent book lovers with a perfect mix of a cozy reading ambience, a coffee shop and an accessible good book to fulfill whatever fancy they may have. With a selection of almost 200,000 titles (and growing! ) from different genres, PowerBooks gives its patrons the most relevant selection of books at a competitive price. Book sale is increasing their market share tripled in the last six months because of the sales of the hardback book, and it has now topped the list as one of their bestselling products. Merriam & Webster Bookstore the two firms declined comment on the possibility of a sale, but Merriam-Webster’s market value was estimated in the business press between $20 million to $40 million. Sales performance Goodwill bookstore and/or other intangible assets are present in every business and they should not be discriminated against given their direct relationship to profitability and financial and operational performance. It is a feature of our modern service and information economy that hard assets are less and less important as time progresses. In fact, even those businesses considered to be hard asset heavy will feature goodwill values of at least 45% and often much higher (more profitable, more goodwill – get the idea). Actual statistics related to real world business acquisitions are provided next in order to document this fact. Goodwill’s workers certainly have no complaints, judging by their loyalty to the company. â€Å"We’re like one big family. The employees chose not to [join a union] because I think they’re satisfied and happy,† says Suplico, adding that the company has a low employee turnover. Goodwill management offers benefit schemes to employees based on competence. Depending on company and individual performance, the management provides financial perks and training while National Bookstore rapid growth and expansion can lay some tough demands on even the most successful enterprises. Such difficulties weren’t lost on National Bookstore, the Philippines’ biggest retailer of books and office supplies. As well-stocked branches of the store mushroomed around the country in the early 1990s, the resulting higher purchasing costs had to be addressed by integrating its entire supply chain. As an emerging retail giant, National had been aggressively launching new branches, and even new store concepts, such as PowerBooks and Office One Superstore. Such expansion begged for robust information systems that could provide critical decision support—from tracking company sales at a moment’s notice to monitoring inventory to the last item—delivered in time, of course. National thus undertook a strategic I. T. initiative in 1996 to streamline its retail operations and also improve the quality of in-store service. By aligning its I. T.  and business objectives, National was ultimately hoping to get a good return on its I. T. investment. The company initially hired international consultants who evaluated the stores’ needs and long-term goals, developed a technology roadmap and recommended appropriate applications software. Hardware selection was just as judicious in view of universal worries over runaway operating costs, including expenses for managing upgrades and maintenance. NBS chose to address the total-cost-of-ownership issue by standardizing its store automation platform on a single solution from a single vendor. Fully booked In business terminology, a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a quantifiable measurement for gauging business success. In Analysis Services, a KPI is a collection of calculations that are associated with a measure group in a cube that are used to evaluate business success. Typically, these calculations are a combination of Multidimensional Expressions (MDX) expressions or calculated members. KPIs also have additional metadata that provides information about how client applications should display the results of the KPI’s calculations. A KPI handles information about a goal set, the actual formula of the performance recorded in the cube, and measurement to show the trend and the status of the performance. AMO is used to define the formulas and other definitions about the values of a KPI. A query interface, such as ADOMD. NET, is used by the client application to retrieve and expose the KPI values to the end user. PowerBooks The sale performance is profitable if the sales funnel worked. The sales funnel describes the actual conversion of prospects into sales. It is called as such because it includes the conversion ratio at each stage of the sales cycle, which has a funneling effect. Also, it is profitable if the impact with high-level executives is strong. Getting valuable time with high-level executives, knowing what to do and say when you’re in the meeting to ensure the most impact at the executive level, and winning the approval of key executives at the end of the meeting. With telemarketing on the rise and an increasing number of people screening their incoming calls, phoning a prospect and hoping to get an appointment with him or her requires new techniques. It can cost four times as much to sell to a new customer compared to an existing one. By taking advantage of existing relationships and ongoing contact with customers, companies can sell more products and services, reduce the cost of sales, enhance customer loyalty, and drive revenue. PowerBooks transports beyond paragraphs and chapters. Reading is not merely a common action in PowerBooks; it has its reputation as we said awhile ago; it has an experience of enabling the limitless journey of the mind, which every book lover takes in the process of reading. As PowerBooks continues to expand, with volumes upon volumes of stores like its books, customers can be assured that PowerBooks will always be spearheading innovation as a part of its growth, catering to the constantly changing needs and interests of bibliophiles in every PowerBooks store. This only satisfies that their sale performance is profitable. A book sale sale performance of Book Sale is not too good because based on the graph their sales was become lower than the previous sales so, their profit was becoming lower. Merriam & Webster Bookstore It boasted a wealth of new words from the fields of education, social science, and sports, and in particular from the tremendous scientific and technological revolution the country was going through, from which inventions and concepts, such as the telephone, the automobile, the phonograph, and the light bulb, emerged almost daily. Collegiate sales would grow steadily through the 20th century until by 2004 Merriam-Webster had sold more than 55 million copies, making it one of the best-selling hardcover books in American publishing history, second only to the Bible. Service The excellent services of Goodwill bookstore can accommodate needs quickly, effectively with experienced workers, always come through with the best. Specifically, we allocate the fair value of the wireless reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit, including any unrecognized intangible assets, in a hypothetical calculation that would yield the implied fair value of goodwill. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the goodwill recorded on our consolidated balance sheet, we record an impairment charge for the difference. The Goodwill Bookstore is well-organized bookstore with neat shelves of old books. Goodwill book store generally stock all the books and other materials required in all the courses offered at the institution. Goodwill book store has kind and gentle customer service. Goodwill bookstore offers a low price of books. Goodwill bookstore provides added convenience to everyone’s book shopping experience. Goodwill bookstore has fair discounts together with various participating companies in the book & publishing industry. Goodwill book store people can visit your web site to buy and download your book almost instantly while the service of National Bookstore has served countless generations with high-quality reading materials at the most competitive prices. It has been instrumental in shaping young minds by nurturing children with books rich in core values and providing a wide array of academic titles and reprints for their education. National Book Store also offers every imaginable product for school and office use. From ordinary supplies to creative novelties, students and professionals in search of a particular item seldom leave the stores disappointed. Fully booked providing excellent service, both to external and internal customers, is one of the toughest challenges faced by every organization. Investment in products, technology, and systems can be undermined with ineffective behavior by front-line staff. Disallow negative talk about customers within the workplace. Forbid employees from talking about your customers in a negative light; this will improve their overall perception about the importance of the customer to the company’s success. This positive attitude will subconsciously transfer to a positive interaction with the customers themselves. . Record customer service calls. Listen to customer service calls to help determine several quantitative measures by which to measure customer service. There are time measures such as time to solve a problem or the number of issues handled within a certain time frame. There is also the ability to determine how many situations an employee has resolved with respect to other employees in a certain time period. Though, time is not everything in customer service if they are not being treated cordially. Use recorded customer service calls to determine which employees need further training on dealing with customers based on their tone of voice and direct language. Fully booked are extremely easy to work with. Their staff is friendly and efficient. In terms of service and the caliber of their staff, Fully Booked is the best agency. PowerBooks Big discounts on bulk orders Depending on your total purchase get as much as 20% discount. Free delivery for a minimum purchase of PhP 5,000, we will deliver your books to your company, school, or organization. Read Now, Pay Later Get to read and review books for free. Pull out books from our stores for a maximum of two weeks to assess at your leisure. Book fairsencourage the love of reading through exclusive book fairs. We’ll bring the latest selections and bestsellers to your students and employees. Powerbooks book fairs- the perfect addition to your events/activities. Easy Payment Terms Special payment terms for your employees can be arranged if they purchase books during our scheduled book fairs. The books that they have chosen can be deducted from their salaries. Convenient Purchasing of Books Now, you can easily purchase titles from Powerbooks. You don’t have to go to our branches. Simply order via email, fax, or over the phone. Book sale Book Sales provides sales & marketing for publishers wishing to command a presence in the important book markets, they also work closely with agents and distributors worldwide in order to be able to offer global distribution for English language titles if required. They offer a range of bespoke services to suit individual requirements, ranging from sales representation & distribution to the book trade through to a comprehensive marketing & promotion strategy. They develop long term relationships with their clients, working as true partners to develop and realize the full potential of their lists. Merriam & Webster Bookstore This store offers all items needed for school, offering top quality brands and affordable alternatives, giving customers’ freedom of choice. M&W may not be the most popular school supplies store but with the same array of items, lower price and shorter check-out lines, school shopping is stress-free. What’s more, they deliver for free within the vicinity for purchases of P1, 000. Good news for those who can’t carry home huge boards for projects or heavy loads of items for school opening. Most valuable products For the last 30 years, Goodwill Bookstore has always been one of the major booksellers during this most awaited event. Traditionally each year, Goodwill showcases its widest array of textbooks, references, pocket books, trade & children`s books and other quality reading materials both from foreign and local publishers. These are sold with huge book fair discounts together with various participating companies in the book & publishing industry. Aside from the usual book trade, Goodwill Bookstore and its affiliate, KATHA Publishing Co. , Inc. will be featuring special events & book launches. Providing added convenience to everyone’s book shopping experience, Goodwill Bookstore and Bridges Bookstore announce the official launch of their respective websites, www. goodwillbookstore. com and www. bridgesbookstore. com on September 16, 2009, the first day of the 30th Manila International Book Fair at 5:00PM, Meeting Room 4 of the SMX Convention Center, Mall of Asia Complex, Pasay City. The Great Recession has hurt many businesses in the past two years, but one benefactor appears to be Goodwill Books, the used bookstore operated by Goodwill Industries. The store at 6063 Park in Park Place Centre was launched in February 2008 and has experienced such strong success that it was expanded earlier this year. The bookstore recorded $78,000 in sales by the end of September. By comparison, the area’s only other Goodwill book store, on Goodman Road in Southaven and open since 2006, had sales of $101,000 in the same time frame. â€Å"The economy has helped the bookstore business where people who may not have shopped here before have tried it out and those who had shopped here may shop here more,† said Goodwill vice president of operations Dave Leutwyler. â€Å"It’s all about being in the right place with the right product. â€Å"Leutwyler expects the Park Avenue location to match the Goodman Road numbers as awareness of the store grows. â€Å"We think it’s a first-class operation and we’re pretty proud of it,† Leutwyler said. â€Å"It’s doing really well. â€Å"The location was first conceived as a much-needed donation center, although it became apparent that it was more room than was needed. â€Å"We wanted to generate revenue to offset the cost of the rent, and the bookstore was a good alternative to fill the space,† Leutwyler said. Customers are drawn from nearby restaurants, St. Francis Hospital and the Courtyard by Marriott next door. Many buyers grab and go, but there is also an area where browsers can sit and read. â€Å"We have a good product, terrific service and great customers,† Leutwyler said. â€Å"We get customers looking to get away from the hospital for a bit and travelers at the hotel. Sometimes, at the end of the week, a traveler will bring a book back that’s been bought to donate back to the store. â€Å"Eleanor Troutman has worked at the store since it opened, and said it now has 10,000 books on its shelves, including those in hardback fiction, trade paperback, history, biography, self help and, of course, Oprah’s book club. â€Å"The expansion gave us the chance to offer more of the categories our customers are interested in,† Troutman said. Each donation center is linked to a particular Goodwill retail store. For the Goodwill Books store, certain centers’ books — the cream of the crop — have been designated for sale at the bookstore. All of our stores still have a nice selection of books,† Leutwyler said. â€Å"Any rare or valuable books will go to the bookstore† while MANILA, Philippines – Dell Philippines broke out from the mold by being the first PC company to tap National Bookstore as a reseller. Traditionally, IT companies appoint seasoned computer distributors and dealers that operate computer shops in major malls to carry their products. Dell, however, believes computers are now undoubtedly considered office and school supplies that it is just right to be in the shelves of National Bookstore, the country’s oldest and biggest chain of bookstore Best Buy Pals was created specifically for the choosy and trend-seeking teens. This new product line ensures that teens have new and exciting designs of school supplies and accessories to choose from. The annual product calendar features books and school and office supplies available at the stores. Every year, new and exciting features are added to make the calendar a more useful and effective communication and marketing tool. Fully booked is one of the hippest and most visited bookstore chains in the Philippines. They not only sell the widest selection of books at reasonable prices, they care for the environment too. Fully Booked Gift Certificates allow your loved ones to choose the item that is perfect for them in any of our Fully Booked stores. Fully Booked Corporate Accounts aim to help your company meet its needs for books. Whether you’re looking for training and reference materials to stay ahead in a fast changing industry, building your company’s library or rewarding important employees or clients, we have the solutions for you. 10% discount on cash purchases and 5% discount on credit card purchases for all your company employees (once initial purchase has been made). Facility to order books not currently in stock. PowerBooks valuable products, Educational books, Children Books, Fiction Books, Dictionaries, Bibles, Magazines , Newspapers. PowerBooks Corporate accounts are comprised of valued schools, companies, and organizations that enjoy numerous benefits from PowerBooks. Depending on your total purchase, get as much as 20% discount. For a minimum purchase of PhP 5,000, we will deliver your books to your company, school, or organization. Special payment terms for your employees can be arranged if they purchase books during our scheduled book fairs. The books that they have chosen can be deducted from their salaries. Book sales through retailers fell in 2009, and overall bookstore sales have been treading water since 2003 according to the government (table below). The combined total for media sales (mainly books) of the Barnes&Noble and Borders chains plus Amazon North America and BN. com was $13. 5 billion, with all the gain comng from online sales. These sums include a couple billion dollars worth of DVD’s, CD’s, coffee and brownies that aren’t publicly broken out of the numbers. Barnes and Noble pointed out years ago in a conference call that â€Å"most† of their business is in stable backlist sales, and their most valuable asset is their real estate. They are trying to create new book selling realestate with their Nook eBook reader, and claim their share of the eBook market is now greater than their share of the printed book market. The decline in Borders North American sales accelerated in 2009, they opened no new superstores and closed many Waldens bookstores in malls. Amazon media sales grew at a healthy pace, thanks to Kindle and Prime. Merriam & Webster Bookstore They offer educational books, children books, fiction books, dictionaries, bibles, magazines, newspapers, periodicals, CD Center, Office Essentials, quality plastic covers of thick grades and branded pencils with sturdy lead that lasts the whole school year can be found here. M&W also carries textbooks from their own publication and selected publishers, art supplies and cutie character knick-knacks all covered in one stop. You can purchase Merriam-Webster’s high quality references through your favorite bookstore, office supply retailer, or software dealer. Choose from a wide selection of dictionaries, writers’ guides, readers’ references, and CD-ROMs. Moreover, the company was convinced that while dictionaries in various electronic formats, especially Web-based, might never fully replace print dictionaries, they would be an important means of dictionary use in the future. Finally, Merriam-Webster realized that to keep hold of its leadership in dictionary publishing, its dictionaries had to be accepted as the standard by which dictionaries were measured. M&W is saleable because this is not only impressive in terms of completeness, it’s definitely budget friendly. The best marketing strategy The month of July has been a dismal month for the bulls in the market. The downtrend occurred most of the time in the oversold condition. This makes it difficult to put on extensive short positions when the market is in that status. That is why having some short positions as well as longs is a prudent strategy. There will always be excellent short charts in an up-trending market and there will always be good bullish signals in a down-trending market. When the market conditions are such that the trend is not clearly definable, the use of candlestick signals can make a portfolio strategy easy to implement. Having the portfolio positioned with both long and shorts during indecisive periods in the market provides a format that will profit from being in some positions that benefit from the market direction with the possibility that the opposite positions may not move against the portfolio. At worst, the positions opposite the market direction should not move against the portfolio in the same magnitude as the positions profiting from the market direction. The signals indicate circumstances that move the prices in the direction indicated even though it is opposite the market direction, such as a short signal pushing a price down when the rest of the market is moving up. Is your business strategy targeting your best market segment? Let’s analyze how much the Top Market Strategy will multiply your sales and profit. You see, we are all created equal, but some prospects are more â€Å"equal† than others. If your business is typical, prospects in the top 20% will produce 16 times more sales and profit than other market segments. Do you want to predict who is in your top market segment? Learn how a universal principle governs your sales and profit. Salespeople readily see that many of their sales come from a few customers, but the most successful salespeople analyze how the 80:20 rule of thumb works with their customers. When sales people segment their market by sales, they discover that 80% of their sales come from customers in the top 20%, whereas 20% of sales come from customers in the bottom 80%. Does this seem true for customers of your business? If your business is typical, this result must be true since the 80:20 rule is an application of Pareto’s universal principle. Figure 1 analyzes the sales of two market segments of a typical business. Goodwill bookstore temporary Site First of its Kind in Nation; Partnership with the Transgender Economic Empowerment Initiative (TEEI) to Help Create Job Training and Employment Opportunities for Transgender Individuals. SAN FRANCISCO, CA, September 27, 2010 — Goodwill Industries of San Francisco, San Mateo and Marin Counties (â€Å"Goodwill†) is pleased to announce the Grand Opening of its new â€Å"pop up† store in San Francisco’s Castro District. A new concept for Goodwill, which currently operates 17 stores and 26 donation sites across three counties, the store is the first of its kind nationally to provide job training and employment opportunities for members of the transgender community. Part of this historic opening is Goodwill’s partnership with the Transgender Economic Empowerment Initiative (TEEI), which will work with Goodwill to encourage employment sustainability among transgender individuals. Goodwill offers job training and placement programs that help foster career development and employment sustainability for people who face challenges to finding employment. With an estimated 70% of transgender Californian’s facing workforce discrimination, with fewer than half employed full time, there is a growing need for job training and employment opportunities among the transgender population. * â€Å"Work with dignity is a basic human right. Anyone with the desire to work should be able to,† said Deborah Alvarez-Rodriguez, President and CEO, Goodwill Industries of San Francisco, San Mateo and Marin Counties. â€Å"We’re proud to work with TEEI on leveraging the Castro pop up store as a place where transgender individuals can seek employment and receive on the job training in effort to fight workforce disparity among California’s transgender population. † TEEI, a unique collaborative program of the San Francisco Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Community Center (The Center), Jewish Vocational Service, and the Transgender Law Center, was designed to help transgender individuals find stable jobs that provide a living wage, benefits, and opportunities for advancement. Its partnership with Goodwill is an example of the continued collaboration it hopes to have among local government, neighborhoods, businesses, and philanthropies, to improve the lives of transgender individuals in the workforce. â€Å"Based on a recent California survey transgender respondents are twice as likely as the general population to hold a Bachelors degree, yet are also twice as likely to live below the poverty line,†* said Clair Farley, TEEI Economic Development. Coordinator. â€Å"It is our hope the Castro pop up store will serve as a model for future programs to help transgender individuals overcome the barriers they face to finding sustainable employment. † San Francisco District 8 Supervisor Bevan Dufty, who was instrumental in helping bring Goodwill and TEEI together on the pop up store, agrees: â€Å"This promises to be a Goodwill store that is unique as the Castro, bringing new shoppers to the neighborhood, and jobs to those in need. † National Bookstore offers a wide range of products from the retail sale and distribution of books to the sale of various school supplies. National Bookstore’s products, specifically the school supplies, are mostly aimed for the students’ and office workers’ consumption and needs. However, the customers of National Bookstore are not limited to just students and office workers.

Mrs. Mann Essay Example

Mrs. Mann Essay Example Mrs. Mann Paper Mrs. Mann Paper The novel Oliver Twist was written in the Victorian period by the famous Charles Dickens, witch was also the period of the industrial revolution. Because the population was very high and still increasing the demand for goods also dramatically increased. With such a high demand the living conditions and goods such as food and clothing severally lacked in quality. The living conditions for the poor people in large cities where very bad, so bad in fact that familys were forced to share one room between themselves. The amendment of the poor law was introduced in 1834, this law was made to disapprove of poor people living in workhouses. Workhouses were horrible places to be, only people who had no other choices would live and work there. People who were in there would be separated according to their gender and age. This novel begins with the birth of Oliver twist, after Olivers mother had given birth she hardly had the strength to hold her own baby in her arms. She gave him one last kiss before she closed her eyes and died. Because his father or family could not be located he was put into a workhouse as an orphan. He was treated terribly, he was fed watery gruel three times a day, an onion twice a week and half a roll on Sundays. They grew so hungry they used to worry they might eat each other dickens used irony to highlight the serious neglect with that quote. The character Mrs. Mann took care of the children but did a terrible job of it. She mistreats the children, Mr. Bumble who is her superior is supposed to check on her but he puts up with her and her wrong doing. I believe that the only reason Mrs. Mann chooses to look after the children is so she can torment and bully them, to feel that she is bigger and better then them. I think that the society and Mr. Bumble should not have let her get away with such savvier wrong doings and should have let her take care of the children. I think Charles dickens chose the name Mrs. Mann because it reflected the characters personality, she is a manly and strong character. Life in the workhouse was horrible, the conditions where very poor and the children where practically starving. The boys where fed watery gruel three times a day. Oliver along with all the other children was skinny and small. The children chose between themselves who would go up and ask the master for more gruel after supper and in the end it came down to Oliver. So he went and asked, the workhouse governors were horrified at his crime so they locked him in a cell for over a week. Sum one would come in everyday and beat him. Oliver escaped to London and met a character name Jack Dawkins (AKA the Artful Dodger). He took Oliver to a place were he could stay.

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The web and visual arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The web and visual arts - Essay Example Furthermore, the differences in interpretation are significant in influencing the opinions and perceptions of readers. Nonetheless, additional sources add extra information on the subject matter that would have been omitted by other sources. Therefore, this paper will discuss the different analysis of this piece of art by sources from Wikipedia, National Gallery website and Visual Arts-Cork website and provide a correlation with the discussions we have had in class. Firstly, Wikipedia provides up to date information just about anything historical, academic or non-academic. With regards to its analysis of The Portrait of a Man in a Red Turban, it offers information on its history, frame, inscription, description and significance. Furthermore, the presentation is simple and accessible to anyone interested in historical paintings. For instance, it details the artist’s background, his date of birth and how the concept of the painting came about when he was in exile. It influences our perception on the artistic masterpiece that Jan van Eyck drew and paints an image of an artist with exceptional abilities. The intended audience is the general web user who has an interest in artistic, historical works. Additionally, it correlates with the discussions we have had in class on the history of art, albeit Wikipedia delves a little further and is more informative. Secondly, Visual Arts-Cork is an independent website with information on The Portrait of a Man in a Red Turban by Jan van Eyck.

Aproaches To Dialogue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Aproaches To Dialogue - Essay Example Thus, in the last two centuries, about one third of all territorial disputes have developed into all-out confrontation and war, whereas many others were peacefully settled by means of negotiations, third-party mediation, arbitration by the International Court of Justice (ICJ), etc. (Wiegand, 2011). The long-drawn-out dispute between the United Kingdom and Argentina over the sovereignty of the Falkland/Malvinas islands – which lasted for more than 170 years, as against the average duration of ongoing territorial disputes of about 50 years (Wiegand, 2011) – denotes a notable example of the former. This paper is intended to critically review and evaluate the role of dialogue in the international context, namely in reconciliation and peace building; being based on a case study concerning the Falklands War of 1982, hence the failure of diplomacy at resolving the problem and preventing armed conflict, the paper expounds on the reasons why diplomatic efforts, including negotiations and third-party mediation, came to nothing. The Falkland archipelago is located in the South Atlantic, some three hundred miles away from the mainland South America, with a total land area of 4Â  700 square miles, and approximately 2000 inhabitants (Beck, 1988; Gibran, 1998). The East and West Falkland are the archipelago’s largest islands, with extremely irregular coastlines and a hilly land surface, separated by a fifty-mile long and ten-mile wide waterway named Falkland Sound, aka the Strait of San Carlos; the capital city, Port Stanley, with a population of some 1000 as of 1980, is on the northeast coast of the East Falkland (Beck, 1988; Gibran, 1998). Over the past century, nearly all of the inhabitants of the East and West Falkland, which have actually declined ever since 1931, were of British origin (Gibran, 1998). Ever since their discovery in the 16th century, the Falklands have been subjected to successive occupation attempts by a number of colonial powers,